---
title: blackness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «blackness» in the Judaism dictionary: The state of being very dark or black, with little or no light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# blackness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, I, peoples, We, owl · **What happens:** be, clothe, make, gather, see, fly out · **To what, where:** heavens, sackcloth, anguish, faces, nothing, blackness

<!-- .vabout -->
«blackness» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [blackness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/blackness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of being very dark or black, with little or no light.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:m1:1
# text = The state of being very dark or black, with little or no light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the state |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the state *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the state *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x1:1
# text = I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clothe	clothe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clothe** | present | I | the heavens |  |  |  | with blackness | vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | I | sackcloth |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sackcloth=Beneficiary covering=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x1:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.50.3	ISA.50.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At their presence the peoples are in anguish; all faces have gathered blackness. (Prophets JOL.2.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* At their presence the peoples are in anguish; all faces have gathered blackness.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x2:1
# text = At their presence the peoples are in anguish; all faces have gathered blackness.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	anguish	anguish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
14	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the peoples |  |  | anguish |  | at their presence | tree rules |
| 2 | **gather** | present · perfect · passive |  | all faces |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary blackness=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JOL.2.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x2:2
# text = (Prophets JOL.2.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOL.2.6	JOL.2.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the twilight, in the evening of the day, in the blackness of night and the darkness. (Writings PRO.7.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the twilight, in the evening of the day, in the blackness of night and the darkness.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x3:1
# text = In the twilight, in the evening of the day, in the blackness of night and the darkness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	twilight	twilight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.7.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x3:2
# text = (Writings PRO.7.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.7.9	PRO.7.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We could see nothing in the blackness of the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x4:1
# text = We could see nothing in the blackness of the cave.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | We | nothing |  | the blackness of the cave |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The owl flew out of the blackness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x5:1
# text = The owl flew out of the blackness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly out** | past | the owl | the blackness |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blackness=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars shone far above in the blackness of the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:blackness:x6:1
# text = Stars shone far above in the blackness of the sky.
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | Stars *not said here* |  | the blackness of the sky |  | far *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above blackness=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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