---
title: burdensome — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «burdensome» in the Judaism dictionary: Heavy or hard to carry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# burdensome

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** king, son, us, we, heavy pack, Carers · **What happens:** carry, cause, say, let, not go, be · **To what, where:** lot, Absalom, us, king, son, duties · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«burdensome» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [burdensome in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/burdensome.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy or hard to carry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:m1:1
# text = Heavy or hard to carry.
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing a lot of work, worry or difficulty, as in «burdensome rules».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:m2:1
# text = Causing a lot of work, worry or difficulty, as in «burdensome rules».
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | a lot of work and worry or difficulty |  |  |  | as burdensome rules | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition lot=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king said to Absalom: 'Nay, my son, let us not all go, lest we be burdensome unto thee.' And he pressed him; howbeit he would not go, but blessed him. (Prophets 2SA.13.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the king said to Absalom: 'Nay, my son, let us not all go, lest we be burdensome unto thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x1:1
# text = And the king said to Absalom: 'Nay, my son, let us not all go, lest we be burdensome unto thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Nay	nay	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
15	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	all	all	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
23	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
24	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  | Absalom |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to absalom=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | my son | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **go** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  | all *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | infinitive | we |  |  |  |  | unto thee; burdensome *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And he pressed him; howbeit he would not go, but blessed him.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x1:2
# text = And he pressed him; howbeit he would not go, but blessed him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pressed	press	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	howbeit	howbeit	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	blessed	bless	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | past | son | king |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent he=Result |
| 2 | **not** **go** | would | son |  |  |  |  | howbeit *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **bless** | past | son *not said here* | son |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Prophets 2SA.13.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x1:3
# text = (Prophets 2SA.13.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.13.25	2SA.13.25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heavy pack became burdensome on the long hike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x2:1
# text = The heavy pack became burdensome on the long hike.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pack	pack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hike	hike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the heavy pack |  |  |  |  | burdensome *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carers can find their duties burdensome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x3:1
# text = Carers can find their duties burdensome.
1	Carers	carer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | can | Carers | Carers's duties |  |  |  | burdensome *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new rules were burdensome for small shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x4:1
# text = The new rules were burdensome for small shops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the new rules |  |  |  |  | for small shops; burdensome *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He did not want to be burdensome to his family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x5:1
# text = He did not want to be burdensome to his family.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **want** | past · do-support | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to his family; burdensome *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much homework can feel burdensome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x6:1
# text = Too much homework can feel burdensome.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	burdensome	burdensome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | can | much homework |  |  |  |  | burdensome *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's taxes were burdensome to the poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burdensome:x7:1
# text = The king's taxes were burdensome to the poor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	burdensome	burdensome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burdensome** | past · passive |  | the king's taxes |  |  |  | to the poor | tree rules |
| 2 | **tax** |  | the king |  |  |  |  |  | nom tax «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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