---
title: burnished — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «burnished» in the Judaism dictionary: Burnished means polished until it shines brightly, like metal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# burnished

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, vessels, feet, sole, sun, He · **What happens:** burnish, mean, polish, shine, make, be · **To what, where:** burnished silver spoon, blade, lake

<!-- .vabout -->
«burnished» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [burnished in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/burnished.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Burnished means polished until it shines brightly, like metal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:m1:1
# text = Burnished means polished until it shines brightly, like metal.
1	Burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **polish** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shine** | present | it |  |  |  |  | like metal; brightly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and the pots, and the shovels, and the basins; even all these vessels, which Hiram made for king Solomon, in the house of the LORD, were of burnished brass. (Prophets 1KI.7.45, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and the pots, and the shovels, and the basins; even all these vessels, which Hiram made for king Solomon, in the house of the LORD, were of burnished brass.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x1:1
# text = and the pots, and the shovels, and the basins; even all these vessels, which Hiram made for king Solomon, in the house of the LORD, were of burnished brass.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shovels	shovel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	basins	basin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	Hiram	Hiram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
32	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	amod	_	_
35	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | all vessels |  |  |  |  | for king Solomon | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for solomon=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **be** | past |  |  |  |  |  | of burnished brass | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 1KI.7.45, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x1:2
# text = (Prophets 1KI.7.45, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1KI.7.45	1KI.7.45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf's foot; and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass. (Prophets EZK.1.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf's foot; and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x2:1
# text = And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf's foot; and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	calf	calf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	sparkled	sparkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
27	like	like	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	amod	_	_
32	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | their feet |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the sole of feet's feet |  |  |  |  | like the sole; of a calf's foot | tree rules |
| 3 | **sparkle** | past | feet *= foot* |  |  |  |  | like the colour of burnished brass | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.1.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x2:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.1.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.1.7	EZK.1.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun lit up the burnished silver spoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x3:1
# text = The sun lit up the burnished silver spoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit up** | participle | the sun *not said here* | the burnished silver spoon |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He polished the blade until it was burnished.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x4:1
# text = He polished the blade until it was burnished.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **polish** | past | He | the blade |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent blade=Destination |
| 2 | **burnish** | past · passive |  | blade |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lake shone like burnished silver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:burnished:x5:1
# text = The lake shone like burnished silver.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | the lake *not said here* |  |  |  | like burnished silver | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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