---
title: calamity — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «calamity» in the Judaism dictionary: A terrible event that causes great damage, loss or suffering, like an earthquake or a flood. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# calamity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** terrible event, mess, I, Vengeance, foot, day · **What happens:** cause, make, sound, be, lose, slip · **To what, where:** great damage, mess, calamity, pencil, recompense, hand

<!-- .vabout -->
«calamity» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [calamity in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/calamity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A terrible event that causes great damage, loss or suffering, like an earthquake or a flood.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:m1:1
# text = A terrible event that causes great damage, loss or suffering, like an earthquake or a flood.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | a terrible event | great damage and loss or suffering and a earthquake or a flood |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, joking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small accident or mess made to sound big ("It's a calamity.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:m2:1
# text = A small accident or mess made to sound big ("It's a calamity.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | mess *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | to-infinitive | mess *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | mess | a calamity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I've lost my pencil!").

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:m2e:1
# text = I've lost my pencil!").
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect | I | my pencil |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vengeance is Mine, and recompense, against the time when their foot shall slip; for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that are to come upon them shall make haste. (Torah DEU.32.35, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Vengeance is Mine, and recompense, against the time when their foot shall slip; for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that are to come upon them shall make haste.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x1:1
# text = Vengeance is Mine, and recompense, against the time when their foot shall slip; for the day of their calamity is at hand, and the things that are to come upon them shall make haste.
1	Vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	Mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	recompense	recompense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	slip	slip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
30	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	acl:relcl	_	_
34	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obl	_	_
36	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
38	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vengeance | recompense |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **slip** | shall | their foot |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **is** | present | the day of their calamity |  |  | hand |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | the things |  |  |  |  | upon things *= thing*; come *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **make** | shall | the things | haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.32.35, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.32.35, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.32.35	DEU.32.35	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His trouble shall be ravenous, and calamity shall be ready for his fall. (Writings JOB.18.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* His trouble shall be ravenous, and calamity shall be ready for his fall.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x2:1
# text = His trouble shall be ravenous, and calamity shall be ready for his fall.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	ravenous	ravenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | His trouble |  |  |  |  | ravenous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | shall | calamity |  |  |  |  | for his fall; ready *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **trouble** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.18.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.18.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.18.12	JOB.18.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hasteth fast. (Prophets JER.48.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hasteth fast.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x3:1
# text = The calamity of Moab is near to come, and his affliction hasteth fast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	affliction	affliction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	hasteth	haste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the calamity of Moab |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | to-infinitive | the calamity of Moab *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **haste** | present | Moab's affliction |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **afflict** |  | Moab |  |  |  |  |  | nom affliction «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.48.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JER.48.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.48.16	JER.48.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless. (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x4:1
# text = If the scourge slay suddenly, He will mock at the calamity of the guiltless.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scourge	scourge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
5	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mock	mock	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	guiltless	guiltless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | the scourge |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mock** | future | He |  |  | the calamity of the guiltless |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.9.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.9.23	JOB.9.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flood was a calamity for the whole village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x5:1
# text = The flood was a calamity for the whole village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the flood | a calamity |  |  |  | for the whole village | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A great calamity struck the kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x6:1
# text = A great calamity struck the kingdom.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | a great calamity | the kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spilling the paint on the carpet was a calamity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x7:1
# text = Spilling the paint on the carpet was a calamity.
1	Spilling	spill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spill** | gerund |  | the paint |  | the carpet |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location paint=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Spilling | a calamity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Earthquakes are natural calamities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x8:1
# text = Earthquakes are natural calamities.
1	Earthquakes	earthquake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	calamities	calamity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Earthquakes | natural calamities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh no, what a calamity, we've run out of milk!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x9:1
# text = Oh no, what a calamity, we've run out of milk!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
2	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	1	parataxis	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present · perfect | we |  |  | milk |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out milk=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war brought calamity to many families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x10:1
# text = The war brought calamity to many families.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the war | calamity |  | many families |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent calamity=Theme to family=Destination |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing the map was a calamity on our hike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x11:1
# text = Losing the map was a calamity on our hike.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hike	hike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | the map |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Losing | a calamity |  | our hike |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hike** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom hike «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whenever you are in any calamity just think of me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamity:x12:1
# text = Whenever you are in any calamity just think of me.
1	Whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	calamity	calamity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  | any calamity |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | any calamity *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of me | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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