---
title: calamus — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «calamus» in the Judaism dictionary: A sweet-smelling water plant with a long root that was once used as medicine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# calamus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Vedan, Brer Fox, calamus, Old healers · **What happens:** smell, use, take, flow, trade, be · **To what, where:** long root, thou, massive iron, calamus root, pond, root

<!-- .vabout -->
«calamus» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [calamus in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/calamus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sweet-smelling water plant with a long root that was once used as medicine.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:m1:1
# text = A sweet-smelling water plant with a long root that was once used as medicine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	14	advmod	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | past · passive |  | a long root |  |  |  | as medicine; once *property* | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as medicine=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
'Take thou also unto thee the chief spices, of flowing myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty, (Torah EXO.30.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x1:1
# text = 'Take thou also unto thee the chief spices, of flowing myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty, (Torah EXO.30.23, JPS 1917)
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obj	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	case	_	_
13	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
14	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	compound	_	_
15	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	shekels	shekel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	parataxis	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	much	much	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	even	even	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	compound	_	_
28	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
36	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	compound	_	_
37	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	nmod	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
41	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	_
43	EXO.30.23	EXO.30.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
45	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	conj	_	_
46	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	43	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	43	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | thou |  |  |  | unto thee; flow myrrh hundred shekels | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise. (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x2:1
# text = Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.
1	Vedan	Vedan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Javan	Javan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	traded	trade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	yarn	yarn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wares	ware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cassia	cassia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	among	among	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** | past | Vedan and Javan | massive iron and cassia and calamus |  |  |  | with yarn; for thy wares | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent for ware=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | among thy merchandise | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x2:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.27.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.27.19	EZK.27.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices. (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x3:1
# text = Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices.
1	Spikenard	Spikenard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	saffron	saffron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cinnamon	cinnamon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	frankincense	frankincense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	myrrh	myrrh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	aloes	aloe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	spices	spice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x3:2
# text = (Writings SNG.4.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.4.14	SNG.4.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brer Fox dug up a calamus root.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x4:1
# text = Brer Fox dug up a calamus root.
1	Brer	Brer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig up** | past | Brer Fox | a calamus root |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent root=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The calamus smelled sweet in the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x5:1
# text = The calamus smelled sweet in the pond.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	calamus	calamus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the calamus |  |  | the pond |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old healers used its root as medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:calamus:x6:1
# text = Old healers used its root as medicine.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	healers	healer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Old healers | its root |  |  |  | as medicine | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent root=Duration as medicine=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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