---
title: ceiling — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ceiling» in the Judaism dictionary: The inside surface at the top of a room, above your head. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ceiling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, spider, smoke alarm, ceiling, We, Dad · **What happens:** not go, crawl, be, paint, hit, see · **To what, where:** upper limit, ceiling, mess, room, floor, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
«ceiling» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ceiling in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/ceiling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inside surface at the top of a room, above your head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:m1:1
# text = The inside surface at the top of a room, above your head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	inside	inside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upper limit that something cannot go above, like a price ceiling.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:m2:1
# text = An upper limit that something cannot go above, like a price ceiling.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
9	above	above	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | can | something | a upper limit *not said here* |  |  |  | above *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location limit=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The height of the lowest clouds, important for planes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:m3:1
# text = The height of the lowest clouds, important for planes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spider was crawling on the ceiling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x1:1
# text = A spider was crawling on the ceiling.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	crawling	crawl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | past · progressive | a spider |  |  | the ceiling |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ceiling=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smoke alarm is on the ceiling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x2:1
# text = The smoke alarm is on the ceiling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the smoke alarm |  |  | the ceiling |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ceiling is 2.5 metres high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x3:1
# text = The ceiling is 2.5 metres high.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	2.5	2.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the ceiling |  |  |  |  | 2.5 metres *obl:unmarked*; high *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We painted the ceiling white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x4:1
# text = We painted the ceiling white.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | We | the ceiling |  |  |  | white *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ceiling=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad hit the ceiling when he saw the mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x5:1
# text = Dad hit the ceiling when he saw the mess.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | Dad | the ceiling |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ceiling=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | Dad | the mess |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mess=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ceiling fan kept the room cool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x6:1
# text = The ceiling fan kept the room cool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fan	fan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the ceiling fan | the room |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bookshelves went from floor to ceiling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x7:1
# text = Bookshelves went from floor to ceiling.
1	Bookshelves	bookshelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Bookshelves |  |  | floor |  | to ceiling | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from floor=Initial\_Location to ceiling=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a fire, smoke collects at the ceiling first, so stay low.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x8:1
# text = In a fire, smoke collects at the ceiling first, so stay low.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | smoke |  |  | a fire |  | at the ceiling; first *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **stay** | infinitive | smoke *not said here* |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shining glow-worms covered the ceiling, and sky-blue bats flapped their transparent wings.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:ceiling:x9:1
# text = Shining glow-worms covered the ceiling, and sky-blue bats flapped their transparent wings.
1	Shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
2	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ceiling	ceiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flapped	flap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	transparent	transparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | past | Shining glow worms | the ceiling |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ceiling=Destination |
| 3 | **flap** | past | sky blue bats | bats's transparent wings |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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