---
title: certain — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «certain» in the Judaism dictionary: Certain means sure, with no doubt: «I am certain». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# certain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Certain, I, certain thing, certain man, man, Judah · **What happens:** mean, be, happen, not name, find, wonder · **To what, where:** one, particular one, some, him, field, daughter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«certain» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [certain in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/certain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certain means sure, with no doubt: «I am certain».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:m1:1
# text = Certain means sure, with no doubt: «I am certain».
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Certain |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certain thing is one that will happen for sure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:m2:1
# text = A certain thing is one that will happen for sure.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a certain thing | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | future |  |  |  |  |  | for sure | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«A certain» means a particular one that is not named: «a certain boy in our class».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:m3:1
# text = «A certain» means a particular one that is not named: «a certain boy in our class».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	advcl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a certain | a particular one |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **name** | present · passive |  | a particular one |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: that=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Certain» before a plural means some: «certain foods».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:m4:1
# text = «Certain» before a plural means some: «certain foods».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	foods	food	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Certain before a plural | some |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field. (Torah GEN.37.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x1:1
# text = And a certain man found him, and, behold, he was wandering in the field.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a certain man | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 2 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | past · progressive | man |  |  | the field |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.37.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.37.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.37.15	GEN.37.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her, and went in unto her. (Torah GEN.38.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her, and went in unto her.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x2:1
# text = And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her, and went in unto her.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Canaanite	canaanite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	Shua	Shua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Judah | a daughter of a certain Canaanite |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daughter=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Shua's name | Shua |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | past | Judah |  | Shua |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument she=Destination |
| 4 | **go in** | past | Judah *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto Shua | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **name** |  | Shua |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.38.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.38.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.38.2	GEN.38.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. (Torah GEN.38.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x3:1
# text = And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	down	down	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	Adullamite	Adullamite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	Hirah	Hirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go down** | past | Judah |  |  | Judah's brethren |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **turn in** | past |  |  | a certain Adullamite and Hirah |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to adullamite=Recipient |
| 5 | **is a** | past | Hirah's name | Hirah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **name** |  | Hirah |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.38.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.38.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.38.1	GEN.38.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And of the Levites, certain courses in Judah were joined to Benjamin. (Writings NEH.11.36, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And of the Levites, certain courses in Judah were joined to Benjamin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x4:1
# text = And of the Levites, certain courses in Judah were joined to Benjamin.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Levites	Levite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	courses	course	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past · passive |  | the Levites | Benjamin |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to benjamin=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings NEH.11.36, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x4:2
# text = (Writings NEH.11.36, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	NEH.11.36	NEH.11.36	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then there went certain persons, and told David how the men were served. (Writings 1CH.19.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then there went certain persons, and told David how the men were served.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x5:1
# text = Then there went certain persons, and told David how the men were served.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	iobj	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past |  | certain persons |  | there | then |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location person=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past |  |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent david=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **serve** | past · passive |  | the men |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings 1CH.19.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x5:2
# text = (Writings 1CH.19.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	1CH.19.5	1CH.19.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me. (Prophets EZK.14.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x6:1
# text = Then came certain of the elders of Israel unto me, and sat before me.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  | then | unto me; certain *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | past |  |  |  |  | before me |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before i=Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.14.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x6:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.14.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.14.1	EZK.14.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is certain that the ball is red if all balls are red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x7:1
# text = It is certain that the ball is red if all balls are red.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	balls	ball	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the ball |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | all balls |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certain number plus 5 is 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x8:1
# text = A certain number plus 5 is 12.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a certain number | 12 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is it certain, possible or impossible?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x9:1
# text = Is it certain, possible or impossible?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He thinks of a certain number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x10:1
# text = He thinks of a certain number.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | He |  |  |  |  | of a certain number | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x11:1
# text = It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise** | future | the sun |  |  |  | tomorrow |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Are you certain you locked the door?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x12:1
# text = Are you certain you locked the door?
1	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	locked	lock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lock** | past | you | the door |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent door=Patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certain plants are poisonous to dogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x13:1
# text = Certain plants are poisonous to dogs.
1	Certain	certain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Certain plants |  |  |  |  | to dogs; poisonous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rain is likely but not certain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x14:1
# text = Rain is likely but not certain.
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Rain |  |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **be** |  | Rain *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“A schoolmate of his, a certain Pinocchio.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certain:x15:1
# text = “A schoolmate of his, a certain Pinocchio.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	schoolmate	schoolmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Pinocchio	Pinocchio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [ceremony](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/C/ceremony/)
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- ↑ back to [C in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/C/)