---
title: certainly — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «certainly» in the Judaism dictionary: Certainly means without any doubt; surely. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# certainly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** polite way, someone, it, he, I, season · **What happens:** mean, be, say, ask, not bring, eat · **To what, where:** polite way, blood, sanctuary, ye, son, Torah GEN.18.10 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«certainly» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [certainly in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/certainly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certainly means without any doubt; surely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:m1:1
# text = Certainly means without any doubt; surely.
1	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	doubt	doubt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | without any doubt; certainly, surely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certainly is a polite way of saying «yes» or «of course» when someone asks for something.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:m2:1
# text = Certainly is a polite way of saying «yes» or «of course» when someone asks for something.
1	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	nsubj	_	_
18	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a polite way |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a polite way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent yes=Topic |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | someone |  |  |  |  | for something | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certainly can mean «it is true that…», before a «but».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:m3:1
# text = Certainly can mean «it is true that…», before a «but».
1	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	that	that	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	…	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent but=Topic |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD. (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x1:1
# text = It is a guilt-offering — he is certainly guilty before the LORD.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | offer *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  | before the LORD | certainly, guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.5.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.5.19	LEV.5.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, the blood of it was not brought into the sanctuary within; ye should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.' (Torah LEV.10.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Behold, the blood of it was not brought into the sanctuary within; ye should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.'

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x2:1
# text = Behold, the blood of it was not brought into the sanctuary within; ye should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.'
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux	_	_
19	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **bring** | past · passive |  | the blood of it |  | the sanctuary |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into sanctuary=Destination |
| 2 | **eat** | should · perfect · passive |  | ye |  | the sanctuary |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **command** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.10.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.10.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.10.18	LEV.10.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And He said: 'I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.' And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him. — (Torah GEN.18.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And He said: 'I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.'

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x3:1
# text = And He said: 'I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	obl	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	cometh	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
16	round	round	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	26	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	Sarah	Sarah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
23	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
25	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **return** | future | I |  |  |  |  | unto thee; certainly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come round** | present | the season |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **have** | shall | Sarah | a son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him. — (Torah GEN.18.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x3:2
# text = And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him. — (Torah GEN.18.10, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Sarah	Sarah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	GEN.18.10	GEN.18.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
20	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Sarah | Torah GEN.18.10 |  | the tent door |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | the tent door |  |  |  |  | behind him *= he* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lo, certainly in vain hath wrought the vain pen of the scribes. (Prophets JER.8.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lo, certainly in vain hath wrought the vain pen of the scribes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x4:1
# text = Lo, certainly in vain hath wrought the vain pen of the scribes.
1	Lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
6	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	scribes	scribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wrought** | past |  | the vain pen of the scribes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.8.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x4:2
# text = (Prophets JER.8.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.8.8	JER.8.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wilt thou set thine eyes upon it? it is gone; for riches certainly make themselves wings, like an eagle that flieth toward heaven. (Writings PRO.23.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wilt thou set thine eyes upon it? it is gone; for riches certainly make themselves wings, like an eagle that flieth toward heaven.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x5:1
# text = Wilt thou set thine eyes upon it? it is gone; for riches certainly make themselves wings, like an eagle that flieth toward heaven.
1	Wilt	will	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	riches	rich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
15	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	_
18	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	flieth	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | future | thou | thine eyes |  | it |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme upon it=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present | riches | riches *= rich* |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset themselves=Beneficiary wing=Product |
| 4 | **fly** | present | a eagle |  |  | heaven |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme toward heaven=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.23.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.23.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.23.5	PRO.23.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The LORD hath spoken concerning you, O remnant of Judah: Go ye not into Egypt; know certainly that I have forewarned you this day. (Prophets JER.42.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The LORD hath spoken concerning you, O remnant of Judah: Go ye not into Egypt; know certainly that I have forewarned you this day.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x6:1
# text = The LORD hath spoken concerning you, O remnant of Judah: Go ye not into Egypt; know certainly that I have forewarned you this day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	9	case	_	_
9	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
19	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
20	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	forewarned	forewarn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	ccomp	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **concern** | gerund |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **go** | infinitive |  | ye |  | Egypt |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ye=Theme |
| 4 | **know** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **forewarn** | present · perfect | I | you |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.42.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JER.42.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.42.19	JER.42.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«May I open the window?» «Certainly.»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «May I open the window?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x7:1
# text = «May I open the window?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** *in a quote* | may | I | the window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Certainly.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x7:2
# text = «Certainly.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It will certainly rain later — look at those clouds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x8:1
# text = It will certainly rain later — look at those clouds.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | at that clouds | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at cloud=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You certainly worked hard on this project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x9:1
# text = You certainly worked hard on this project.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | You |  |  |  |  | on this project; certainly, hard *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on project=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Can I stay up all night?» «Certainly not!»

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Can I stay up all night?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x10:1
# text = «Can I stay up all night?»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay up** *in a quote* | can | I |  |  |  | night |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «Certainly not!»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x10:2
# text = «Certainly not!»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is almost certainly at the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x11:1
# text = She is almost certainly at the library.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  | the library |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was certainly a long walk, but it was fun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x12:1
# text = It was certainly a long walk, but it was fun.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a long walk |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | walk |  |  |  |  | fun *property* | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team will most certainly win if they play like that.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x13:1
# text = The team will most certainly win if they play like that.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | future | the team |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | they |  |  |  |  | like that | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A triangle certainly has three sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x14:1
# text = A triangle certainly has three sides.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a triangle | three sides |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Certainly; and I can do it."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:certainly:x15:1
# text = "Certainly; and I can do it."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | can | I | it |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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