---
title: churl — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «churl» in the Judaism dictionary: A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# churl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rude mean rough man, Overbearing speech, king, Abner, churl, he · **What happens:** be, not do, not become, do, lie, lament · **To what, where:** churl, lying lips, king, he, workers, wages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«churl» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [churl in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/churl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:m1:1
# text = A rude, mean, rough man who is unkind and will not do what is fair or good.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a rude mean rough man |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **do** | future | a rude mean rough man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince. (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x1:1
# text = Overbearing speech becometh not a churl; much less do lying lips a prince.
1	Overbearing	overbearing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	becometh	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	much	much	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **become** | present | Overbearing speech | a churl |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Patient churl=Result |
| 2 | **do** | present | Overbearing speech *not said here* | lying lips |  |  |  | a prince *obl:unmarked*; less *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Eventuality |
| 3 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.17.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.17.7	PRO.17.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the king lamented for Abner, and said: Should Abner die as a churl dieth? (Prophets 2SA.3.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the king lamented for Abner, and said: Should Abner die as a churl dieth?

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x2:1
# text = And the king lamented for Abner, and said: Should Abner die as a churl dieth?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	lamented	lament	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	Should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lament** | participle |  | the king *not said here* |  |  |  | for Abner | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for abner=Attribute |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **die** | should | Abner |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **die** | present | a churl |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets 2SA.3.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x2:2
# text = (Prophets 2SA.3.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	2SA.3.33	2SA.3.33	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For a servant when he reigneth; and a churl when he is filled with food; (Writings PRO.30.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x3:1
# text = For a servant when he reigneth; and a churl when he is filled with food; (Writings PRO.30.22, JPS 1917)
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	reigneth	reign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
20	PRO.30.22	PRO.30.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	flat	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | present | he | a churl |  |  |  | for a servant | tree rules |
| 2 | **fill** | present · passive |  | he |  |  |  | with food | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with food=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The churl would not pay the workers what he owed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x4:1
# text = The churl would not pay the workers what he owed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	churl	churl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	owed	owe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pay** | would | the churl | the workers |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Asset |
| 2 | **owe** | past | churl | the workers |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Now, Jack," said the Gray Churl, "you must lose a month's wages."

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:churl:x5:1
# text = "Now, Jack," said the Gray Churl, "you must lose a month's wages."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Gray	Gray	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	Churl	Churl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Jack |  |  |  | now |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** *in a quote* | must | you | a month's wages |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wage=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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