---
title: cipher — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cipher» in the Judaism dictionary: A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cipher

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** rule, people, person, others, king, This · **What happens:** swap, mix up, know, read, write, have · **To what, where:** letters, secret code, rule, message, code, power · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cipher» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cipher in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/cipher.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:m1:1
# text = A secret code in which letters are swapped or mixed up by a rule so that only people who know the rule can read the message.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	swapped	swap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swap** | present · passive | a rule | letters |  | a secret code |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **mix up** | participle | a rule *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **know** | present | people | the rule |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus |
| 4 | **read** | can | people | the message |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A message written in such a code.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:m2:1
# text = A message written in such a code.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	7	det:predet	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a message *not said here* |  | such code |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in code=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who has no power or importance and just does what others say: «The king was a mere cipher».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:m3:1
# text = A person who has no power or importance and just does what others say: «The king was a mere cipher».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	importance	importance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a person | no power or importance |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | others |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the king | a mere cipher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old or formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The figure zero, 0; in old books also any number digit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:m4:1
# text = The figure zero, 0; in old books also any number digit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
12	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	digit	digit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do sums or to write in code.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:m5:1
# text = To do sums or to write in code.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | sums |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Eventuality |
| 2 | **write** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | code |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in code=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cipher for the matter: twenty-two (numbers) \[objects\] in one body. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cipher for the matter: twenty-two (numbers) \[objects\] in one body.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x1:1
# text = A cipher for the matter: twenty-two (numbers) [objects] in one body.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a cipher: observing, transforming, making all matter and all words one name. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* This is a cipher: observing, transforming, making all matter and all words one name.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x2:1
# text = This is a cipher: observing, transforming, making all matter and all words one name.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	observing	observe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	transforming	transform	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	15	det	_	_
15	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a cipher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **observe** | gerund | This *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **transform** | gerund | This *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | This *not said here* | all matter and all words |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset matter=Beneficiary name=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The angel which the cipher n symbolizes, is apparently Satan \]r:z', who appears before God to prosecute all mortal beings as he prosecuted (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x3:1
# text = The angel which the cipher n symbolizes, is apparently Satan ]r:z', who appears before God to prosecute all mortal beings as he prosecuted (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	n	n	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	symbolizes	symbolize	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	apparently	apparently	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	Satan	Satan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
12	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	r:z	r:z	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	before	before	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	prosecute	prosecute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
21	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
22	mortal	mortal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
36	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	38	case	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	fixed	_	_
38	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
39	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	_
40	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **symbolize** | present | the cipher n | the angel |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot which=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the angel | Satan r:z |  |  |  | apparently *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | present | Satan r:z |  |  |  | before God |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **prosecute** | to-infinitive | Satan r:z *not said here* | all mortal beings |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent being=Patient |
| 5 | **prosecute** | past | n | Mordell  1914 |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mordell=Patient |
| 6 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote secret notes to each other in a Caesar cipher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x4:1
# text = We wrote secret notes to each other in a Caesar cipher.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	2	obl	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	fixed	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | secret notes |  | a Caesar cipher |  | to each | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent note=Theme in cipher=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With a shift of three, the word CAT becomes FDW in the cipher.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x5:1
# text = With a shift of three, the word CAT becomes FDW in the cipher.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shift	shift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	CAT	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	FDW	FDW	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | the word CAT |  |  |  |  | in the cipher *result*; with a shift of three | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in cipher=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spies sent the plans in cipher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x6:1
# text = The spies sent the plans in cipher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spies	spy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the spies | the plans |  | cipher |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plan=Theme in cipher=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took the code-breakers months to crack the cipher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x7:1
# text = It took the code-breakers months to crack the cipher.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	breakers	breaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	crack	crack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It |  |  |  | month |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **crack** | to-infinitive |  | the cipher |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cipher=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without the key the cipher looked like nonsense.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x8:1
# text = Without the key the cipher looked like nonsense.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the cipher |  |  |  |  | without the key; like nonsense | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the map was covered in a strange cipher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x9:1
# text = In the story, the map was covered in a strange cipher.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the map |  |  |  | in a strange cipher; in the story | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in story=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new prime minister was just a cipher for the party bosses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x10:1
# text = The new prime minister was just a cipher for the party bosses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	prime	prime	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bosses	boss	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the new prime minister | a cipher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **boss** | present | the party |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our maths teacher turned the times tables into a cipher puzzle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x11:1
# text = Our maths teacher turned the times tables into a cipher puzzle.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Our maths teacher | times tables |  | a cipher puzzle |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent table=Theme into puzzle=Trajectory |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But as for me, I had gone quite beyond all lapse of time, and had become a cipher and a nothing.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cipher:x12:1
# text = But as for me, I had gone quite beyond all lapse of time, and had become a cipher and a nothing.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	lapse	lapse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	cipher	cipher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | I |  |  | all lapse of time |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beyond lapse=Location |
| 2 | **become** | past · perfect | I *not said here* | a cipher |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **lapse** |  | time |  |  |  |  |  | nom lapse «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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