---
title: closely — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «closely» in the Judaism dictionary: Closely means carefully and with attention. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# closely

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, puppy, Lions, I, teacher, She · **What happens:** mean, look, magnify, listen, follow, be · **To what, where:** space, trick, you, mum, him

<!-- .vabout -->
«closely» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [closely in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/closely.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Closely means carefully and with attention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:m1:1
# text = Closely means carefully and with attention.
1	Closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | carefully, closely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Closely means near in space or time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:m2:1
# text = Closely means near in space or time.
1	Closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | space or time |  | closely *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Closely means in a strong or near way, like closely related.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:m3:1
# text = Closely means in a strong or near way, like closely related.
1	Closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a strong way; closely *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look closely at the leaf with the magnifying glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x1:1
# text = Look closely at the leaf with the magnifying glass.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	magnifying	magnify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the magnifying glass; at the leaf; closely *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at leaf=Theme |
| 2 | **magnify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listen closely to the instructions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x2:1
# text = Listen closely to the instructions.
1	Listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the instructions; closely *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to instruction=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy followed closely behind me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x3:1
# text = The puppy followed closely behind me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | the puppy |  |  |  |  | behind me; closely *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme behind i=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions and tigers are closely related.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x4:1
# text = Lions and tigers are closely related.
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lions and tigers |  |  |  |  | closely, related *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Watch closely, I'll show you the trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x5:1
# text = Watch closely, I'll show you the trick.
1	Watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | closely *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | future | I | the trick | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient trick=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher works closely with parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x6:1
# text = The teacher works closely with parents.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | the teacher |  |  |  |  | with parents; closely *property* | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with parent=Co-Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She closely resembles her mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x7:1
# text = She closely resembles her mum.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	resembles	resemble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resemble** | present | She | her mum |  |  |  | closely *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he returned home, his brothers again questioned him closely:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:closely:x8:1
# text = When he returned home, his brothers again questioned him closely:
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	home	home	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	questioned	question	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | he |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **question** *speech: other* | past | his brothers |  | him *= he* |  | again | closely *property* | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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