---
title: codex — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «codex» in the Judaism dictionary: An old book written by hand, with pages bound together, especially an ancient or medieval book. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# codex

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pages, monks, Maya, codex, you · **What happens:** write, bind, paint, call, have, turn · **To what, where:** old book, ancient book, codex, codices, bark paper, notebooks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«codex» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [codex in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/codex.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old book written by hand, with pages bound together, especially an ancient or medieval book.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:m1:1
# text = An old book written by hand, with pages bound together, especially an ancient or medieval book.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
10	bound	bind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a old book *not said here* |  |  |  | by hand | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bind** | participle | pages *not said here* | a ancient book |  |  |  | together *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book of laws or rules (old use).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:m2:1
# text = A book of laws or rules (old use).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The codex was written by monks on animal skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:x1:1
# text = The codex was written by monks on animal skin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	codex	codex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive | monks on animal skin | the codex |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Maya painted their codices on bark paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:x2:1
# text = The Maya painted their codices on bark paper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	codices	codex	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | the Maya | their codices |  | bark paper |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent codex=Theme on paper=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks are called codices.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:x3:1
# text = Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks are called codices.
1	Leonardo	Leonardo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	_
2	da	Da	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Vinci	Vinci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
5	notebooks	notebook	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	codices	codex	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Leonardo's notebooks |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A codex has pages you turn, but a scroll is rolled up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:x4:1
# text = A codex has pages you turn, but a scroll is rolled up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	codex	codex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	scroll	scroll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a codex | pages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | present | you | pages *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme |
| 3 | **roll up** | present · passive |  | a scroll |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the oldest Bibles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:codex:x5:1
# text = Codex Sinaiticus is one of the oldest Bibles.
1	Codex	Codex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Sinaiticus	Sinaiticus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	Bibles	bible	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Codex | one |  |  |  | of the oldest Bibles | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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