---
title: communication — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «communication» in the Judaism dictionary: Communication is sharing information, ideas or feelings by talking, writing, signs or other ways. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# communication

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Communication, sharing information, Communications, systems, Abner, ye · **What happens:** share, be, talk, send, have, say · **To what, where:** sharing information, message, systems, information, communication, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«communication» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [communication in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/communication.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Communication is sharing information, ideas or feelings by talking, writing, signs or other ways.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:m1:1
# text = Communication is sharing information, ideas or feelings by talking, writing, signs or other ways.
1	Communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	sharing	share	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Communication | sharing information |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **talk** | gerund | sharing information *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A communication is a message or letter (formal).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:m2:1
# text = A communication is a message or letter (formal).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a communication | a message or letter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Communications are systems for sending information, such as phones, radio and the internet.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:m3:1
# text = Communications are systems for sending information, such as phones, radio and the internet.
1	Communications	communication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sending	send	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Communications | systems |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | gerund | systems *not said here* | information and phones and radio and the internet |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying: 'In times past ye sought for David to be king over you; (Prophets 2SA.3.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x1:1
# text = And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying: 'In times past ye sought for David to be king over you; (Prophets 2SA.3.17, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	In	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	past	past	ADP	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nsubj	_	_
18	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
23	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	advcl	_	_
24	over	over	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
29	2SA.3.17	2SA.3.17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
32	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Abner | communication |  |  |  | with the elders of Israel | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Abner *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **seek** | past | ye |  |  |  |  | for David; over you | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for david=Theme over you=Location |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* | king |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good communication helps a team win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x2:1
# text = Good communication helps a team win.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	win	win	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Good communication | a team win |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent win=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees use dances for communication.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x3:1
# text = Bees use dances for communication.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dances	dance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Bees | dances |  |  |  | for communication | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent dance=Theme for communication=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm cut off all communication with the island.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x4:1
# text = The storm cut off all communication with the island.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut off** | participle | the storm *not said here* | all communication with the island |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector communication=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sign language is a form of communication.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x5:1
# text = Sign language is a form of communication.
1	Sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sign language | a form |  |  |  | of communication | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We received a communication from the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x6:1
# text = We received a communication from the school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | We | a communication |  | the school |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent communication=Theme from school=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Satellites help communication around the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x7:1
# text = Satellites help communication around the world.
1	Satellites	satellite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Satellites | communication |  | the world |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent communication=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But what compensation did he get for having been imprisoned a whole year, and shut out from all communication with his fellow creatures?

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:communication:x8:1
# text = But what compensation did he get for having been imprisoned a whole year, and shut out from all communication with his fellow creatures?
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
3	compensation	compensation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	imprisoned	imprison	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	fellow	fellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past · do-support | compensation |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
| 2 | **imprison** | gerund · perfect · passive | compensation *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn confine-92 «NP V NP» |
| 3 | **shut out** | participle | compensation *not said here* |  |  | all communication |  | with compensation's fellow creatures | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with creature=Instrument |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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