---
title: comprehension — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «comprehension» in the Judaism dictionary: Comprehension is understanding: being able to know what something means. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# comprehension

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Comprehension, something, you, We, Her, size · **What happens:** understand, be, know, mean, read, do · **To what, where:** reading exercise, text, comprehension, passage, comprehension questions, lot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«comprehension» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [comprehension in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/comprehension.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comprehension is understanding: being able to know what something means.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:m1:1
# text = Comprehension is understanding: being able to know what something means.
1	Comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | present · progressive | Comprehension |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | Comprehension *not said here* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | to-infinitive | Comprehension *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mean** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: school — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comprehension is a reading exercise where you read a text and answer questions about it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:m2:1
# text = A comprehension is a reading exercise where you read a text and answer questions about it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a comprehension | a reading exercise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | present | you | a text and answer questions about comprehension |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did a comprehension about a lighthouse keeper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x1:1
# text = We did a comprehension about a lighthouse keeper.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	keeper	keeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a comprehension |  |  |  | about a lighthouse keeper | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comprehension=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the passage, then answer the comprehension questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x2:1
# text = Read the passage, then answer the comprehension questions.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	answer	answer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the passage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Topic |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | the comprehension questions |  |  | then |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her comprehension of maths improved a lot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x3:1
# text = Her comprehension of maths improved a lot.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | past | Her comprehension of maths | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **comprehend** |  | Her *= she* | maths |  |  |  |  | nom comprehension «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The size of the universe is beyond comprehension.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x4:1
# text = The size of the universe is beyond comprehension.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the size of the universe |  |  |  |  | beyond comprehension | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listening comprehension is part of the French test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x5:1
# text = Listening comprehension is part of the French test.
1	Listening	listen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | gerund |  | comprehension |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Listening | part |  |  |  | of the French test | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good comprehension means reading carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x6:1
# text = Good comprehension means reading carefully.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Good comprehension |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read** *not said to happen* | gerund | Good comprehension *not said here* |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a matter of state policy, and therefore quite beyond thy weak comprehension.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:comprehension:x7:1
# text = It is a matter of state policy, and therefore quite beyond thy weak comprehension.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	policy	policy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a matter and thy weak comprehension |  |  |  | of state policy | tree rules |
| 2 | **comprehend** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom comprehension «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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