---
title: copyright — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «copyright» in the Judaism dictionary: Copyright is the legal right of the person who made a book, song, picture, film or program to decide who can copy, sell or use it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# copyright

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Copyright, person, film, Copyright infringement liability, public domain book, author · **What happens:** be, make, decide, copy, sell, use · **To what, where:** legal right, book, something, this, it, public domain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«copyright» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [copyright in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/copyright.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copyright is the legal right of the person who made a book, song, picture, film or program to decide who can copy, sell or use it.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:m1:1
# text = Copyright is the legal right of the person who made a book, song, picture, film or program to decide who can copy, sell or use it.
1	Copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
23	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
24	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	copy	copy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	sell	sell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
30	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Copyright | the legal right |  |  |  | of the person and song and picture | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | the person and song and picture | a book |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Product |
| 3 | **decide** | to-infinitive | film or program *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **copy** | can | film or program |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sell** | infinitive | film or program *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **use** | infinitive | film or program *not said here* | book |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To copyright something is to get or claim this right over it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:m2:1
# text = To copyright something is to get or claim this right over it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	copyright	copyright	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	claim	claim	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	obj	_	_
10	right	right	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copyright** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | get *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **claim** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | this |  | it |  | right *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x1:1
# text = Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe.
1	Copyright	copyright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	infringement	infringement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	liability	liability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Copyright infringement liability |  |  |  |  | severe *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x2:1
# text = It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	survived	survive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	expire	expire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	domain	domain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  |  | for the copyright; enough, long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Circumstance |
| 2 | **expire** | to-infinitive |  | the book |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **enter** | to-infinitive |  | the public domain |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme domain=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x3:1
# text = A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	domain	domain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	subject	subject	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	17	nmod:poss	_	_
15	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	expired	expire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a public domain book | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | to copyright; subject *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **expire** | present · perfect · passive |  | legal copyright term |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author owns the copyright to her books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x4:1
# text = The author owns the copyright to her books.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present | the author | the copyright |  |  |  | to author's books | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot copyright=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can't put that song in your video without permission; it is under copyright.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x5:1
# text = You can't put that song in your video without permission; it is under copyright.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	under	under	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | can | You | that song |  | your video |  | without permission | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent song=Theme in video=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | song |  |  | copyright |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The © sign shows who owns the copyright.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x6:1
# text = The © sign shows who owns the copyright.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	©	©	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the © sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **own** | present |  | the copyright |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot copyright=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very old stories are out of copyright, so anyone can print them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x7:1
# text = Very old stories are out of copyright, so anyone can print them.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	print	print	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | old stories |  |  | copyright |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **print** | can | anyone | stories *= story* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class asked permission to use the photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x8:1
# text = Our class asked permission to use the photo.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Our class | permission |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent permission=Recipient |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive | Our class *not said here* | the photo |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copying a whole website and calling it yours breaks copyright.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x9:1
# text = Copying a whole website and calling it yours breaks copyright.
1	Copying	copy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	xcomp	_	_
9	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | gerund |  | a whole website |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent website=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | gerund |  | website |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 3 | **break** | present | Copying | copyright |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer copyright=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have only been enabled to do this by the courtesy of those who owned the copyright of these stories.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:copyright:x10:1
# text = I have only been enabled to do this by the courtesy of those who owned the copyright of these stories.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	enabled	enable	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	nmod	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	copyright	copyright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enable** | present · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | this |  |  |  | by the courtesy of those | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
| 3 | **own** | past |  | the copyright of this stories |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot copyright=Theme |
| 4 | **copyright** |  |  | this stories |  |  |  |  | nom copyright «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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