---
title: cosmos — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cosmos» in the Judaism dictionary: The universe seen as an orderly and harmonious whole. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cosmos

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one, cosmogonists · **What happens:** see, be, drag, drive, represent, form · **To what, where:** universe, one, Two Letters, water, Letters, cosmos

<!-- .vabout -->
«cosmos» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cosmos in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/cosmos.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The universe seen as an orderly and harmonious whole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:m1:1
# text = The universe seen as an orderly and harmonious whole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	orderly	orderly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	harmonious	harmonious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | participle |  | the universe *not said here* |  |  |  | orderly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is the one dragging the Twenty-Two Letters through the water and driving them through the cosmos—God, or man?\] (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who is the one dragging the Twenty-Two Letters through the water and driving them through the cosmos—God, or man?\]

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x1:1
# text = Who is the one dragging the Twenty-Two Letters through the water and driving them through the cosmos—God, or man?]
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	Twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	cosmos	cosmos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drag** | gerund | the one *not said here* | the Two Letters |  | the water |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 3 | **drive** | gerund | the one *not said here* | Letters *= letter* |  | the cosmos |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme through cosmos=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Later cosmogonists, such as Ovid, represent it as the confused, shapless mass, out of which the universe was formed into a cosmos, or harmonious order. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Later cosmogonists, such as Ovid, represent it as the confused, shapless mass, out of which the universe was formed into a cosmos, or harmonious order.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x2:1
# text = Later cosmogonists, such as Ovid, represent it as the confused, shapless mass, out of which the universe was formed into a cosmos, or harmonious order.
1	Later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
2	cosmogonists	cosmogonist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	Ovid	Ovid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	represent	represent	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	confused	confused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	shapless	shapless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cosmos	cosmos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	harmonious	harmonious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present | cosmogonists such Ovid | it |  |  |  | as the confused shapless mass | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent it=Theme as mass=Attribute |
| 2 | **form** | past · passive |  | the universe |  | the confused shapless mass |  | into a cosmos or harmonious order | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x2:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The five symbols or elements 1, 11, 111, 1111, 0, were supposed to symbolize the whole cosmos which was believed to be in harmony with a decimal system of notation expressible by these symbols.' (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The five symbols or elements 1, 11, 111, 1111, 0, were supposed to symbolize the whole cosmos which was believed to be in harmony with a decimal system of notation expressible by these symbols.'

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x3:1
# text = The five symbols or elements 1, 11, 111, 1111, 0, were supposed to symbolize the whole cosmos which was believed to be in harmony with a decimal system of notation expressible by these symbols.'
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	elements	element	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	111	111	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	1111	1111	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	supposed	suppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	symbolize	symbolize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	cosmos	cosmos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	cop	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	harmony	harmony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	xcomp	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	decimal	decimal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	notation	notation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	expressible	expressible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suppose** | past · passive |  | the five symbols or elements  1 11 |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **symbolize** | to-infinitive |  | the whole cosmos |  |  |  | by this symbols | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot cosmos=Theme |
| 3 | **believe** | past · passive |  | the whole cosmos |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | harmony |  | with a decimal system of notation | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cosmos:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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