---
title: courage — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «courage» in the Judaism dictionary: Courage is the ability to do something that frightens you or is difficult, even when you feel afraid: bravery. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# courage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Courage, you, your, ye, time, God · **What happens:** be, do, frighten, feel, mean, believe · **To what, where:** ability, something, you, time, thee, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«courage» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 13 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [courage in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/courage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courage is the ability to do something that frightens you or is difficult, even when you feel afraid: bravery.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:m1:1
# text = Courage is the ability to do something that frightens you or is difficult, even when you feel afraid: bravery.
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	frightens	frighten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
19	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Courage | the ability and bravery |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **frighten** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **feel** | present | you |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The courage of your convictions» means being brave enough to do what you believe is right.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:m2:1
# text = «The courage of your convictions» means being brave enough to do what you believe is right.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	convictions	conviction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
10	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	csubj	_	_
11	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the courage of your convictions |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | brave, enough *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |
| 4 | **believe** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **convict** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom conviction «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land.' — Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes. — (Torah NUM.13.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x1:1
# text = And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land.' — Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes. — (Torah NUM.13.20, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
3	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
18	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
19	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
27	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	29	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	ripe	ripe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
32	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
33	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	NUM.13.20	NUM.13.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	flat	_	_
38	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	35	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | ye |  |  |  |  | of good courage | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of the fruit of the land | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent of fruit=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the time | the time |  |  | now | of the ripe grapes | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be affrighted at them; for the LORD thy God, He it is that doth go with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.' (Torah DEU.31.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be affrighted at them; for the LORD thy God, He it is that doth go with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x2:1
# text = Be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be affrighted at them; for the LORD thy God, He it is that doth go with thee; He will not fail thee, nor forsake thee.'
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	affrighted	affright	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	conj	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
28	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
33	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
35	fail	fail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
36	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	39	cc	_	_
39	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	conj	_	_
40	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **affright** | infinitive · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at courage; for the LORD | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | do *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | present | God *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with thee | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with thou=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **not** **fail** | future | God | thee |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Eventuality |
| 6 | **forsake** | infinitive | God *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.31.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.31.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.31.6	DEU.31.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.' (Torah DEU.31.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.'

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x3:1
# text = And he gave Joshua the son of Nun a charge, and said: 'Be strong and of good courage; for thou shalt bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore unto them; and I will be with thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Nun	Nun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
17	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj	_	_
25	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	36	nsubj	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
37	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
41	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
42	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
43	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	cop	_	_
44	with	with	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | he | the son of Nun | Joshua |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bring** | shall | thou | the children of Israel |  | the land |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme into land=Destination |
| 5 | **swear** | past | the land |  |  |  |  | unto children *= child* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | future | I |  |  |  |  | with thee | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.31.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.31.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.31.23	DEU.31.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all ye that wait for the LORD. (Writings PSA.31.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all ye that wait for the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x4:1
# text = Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all ye that wait for the LORD.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nsubj	_	_
12	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	wait	wait	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | your heart |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | infinitive | your heart *not said here* | courage |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
| 4 | **wait** | present | all |  |  |  |  | for the LORD | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.31.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.31.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.31.25	PSA.31.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother: 'Be of good courage.' (Prophets ISA.41.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother: 'Be of good courage.'

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x5:1
# text = They helped every one his neighbour; and every one said to his brother: 'Be of good courage.'
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	cop	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | They | every one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | every one |  | his brother |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to brother=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of good courage | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.41.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x5:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.41.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.41.6	ISA.41.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait on the LORD; be strong, and let thy heart take courage; yea, wait thou for the LORD. (Writings PSA.27.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wait on the LORD; be strong, and let thy heart take courage; yea, wait thou for the LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x6:1
# text = Wait on the LORD; be strong, and let thy heart take courage; yea, wait thou for the LORD.
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
14	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	wait	wait	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
19	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the LORD | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lord=Location |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | present | thy heart | courage |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
| 5 | **wait** | infinitive |  | thou |  |  |  | for the LORD | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.27.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.27.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.27.14	PSA.27.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took courage to tell the teacher the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x7:1
# text = It took courage to tell the teacher the truth.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | It | courage |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | the truth | the teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient truth=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She plucked up the courage to jump off the diving board.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x8:1
# text = She plucked up the courage to jump off the diving board.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	plucked	pluck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	diving	diving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pluck up** | past | She | the courage |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient |
| 2 | **jump off** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the diving board |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme board=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firefighter was praised for his courage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x9:1
# text = The firefighter was praised for his courage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firefighter	firefighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	praised	praise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | past · passive |  | the firefighter |  |  |  | for his courage | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for courage=Attribute |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courage is not having no fear — it's doing the right thing anyway.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x10:1
# text = Courage is not having no fear — it's doing the right thing anyway.
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	anyway	anyway	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · progressive | Courage | no fear |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present · progressive | Courage | the right thing |  |  |  | anyway *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowardly lion went to find courage from the Wizard of Oz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x11:1
# text = The cowardly lion went to find courage from the Wizard of Oz.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cowardly	cowardly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Wizard	Wizard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Oz.	Oz.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the cowardly lion |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | the cowardly lion *not said here* | courage |  |  |  | from the Wizard of Oz. | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent courage=Theme from wizard=Source |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standing up for a friend takes courage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x12:1
# text = Standing up for a friend takes courage.
1	Standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	csubj	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for a friend | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | present | Standing | courage |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Well, have you lost your courage?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:courage:x13:1
# text = Well, have you lost your courage?
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect | you | your courage |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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