---
title: covering — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «covering» in the Judaism dictionary: A covering is a layer of something that lies on or over something else. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# covering

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** covering, you, someone, open vessel, Thou, nether world · **What happens:** be, lie, use, cover, protect, mean · **To what, where:** layer, something, verb, job, covering, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«covering» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [covering in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/covering.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A covering is a layer of something that lies on or over something else.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:m1:1
# text = A covering is a layer of something that lies on or over something else.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	conj	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
14	else	else	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a covering | a layer |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present |  |  |  | something |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on something=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A covering is something you use to cover or protect something, such as a sheet, lid or curtain.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:m2:1
# text = A covering is something you use to cover or protect something, such as a sheet, lid or curtain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	lid	lid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	curtain	curtain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a covering | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cover** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **protect** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covering (verb) means putting something over, hiding, protecting, dealing with a topic, or doing someone else's job for a while.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:m3:1
# text = Covering (verb) means putting something over, hiding, protecting, dealing with a topic, or doing someone else's job for a while.
1	Covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	xcomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	protecting	protect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	dealing	deal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
21	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	24	nmod:poss	_	_
22	else	else	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
24	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | gerund |  | verb |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme verb=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Covering |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **put over** *not said to happen* | gerund | Covering *not said here* | something |  |  |  | over *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal |
| 4 | **hide** | gerund | Covering *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **protect** | gerund | Covering *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **deal** | gerund | Covering *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a topic | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with topic=Theme |
| 7 | **do** | gerund | Covering *not said here* | someone's job |  |  | while |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 8 | **job** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And every open vessel, which hath no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean. (Torah NUM.19.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And every open vessel, which hath no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x1:1
# text = And every open vessel, which hath no covering close-bound upon it, is unclean.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	bound	bind	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | every open vessel | no covering |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covering=Patient |
| 2 | **bind** | participle |  | no covering *not said here* |  |  |  | upon vessel | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | every open vessel |  |  |  |  | unclean *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.19.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.19.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.19.15	NUM.19.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt make thee twisted cords upon the four corners of thy covering, wherewith thou coverest thyself. (Torah DEU.22.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt make thee twisted cords upon the four corners of thy covering, wherewith thou coverest thyself.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x2:1
# text = Thou shalt make thee twisted cords upon the four corners of thy covering, wherewith thou coverest thyself.
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	_
5	twisted	twisted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	wherewith	wherewith	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
17	coverest	cover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
18	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | Thou | thee |  |  |  | upon the four corners of thy covering | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary cord=Product |
| 2 | **cover** | present | thou | thyself |  |  |  | wherewith *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thyself=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.22.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x2:2
# text = (Torah DEU.22.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.22.12	DEU.22.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the tabernacle, its tent, and its covering, its clasps, and its boards, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets; (Torah EXO.35.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x3:1
# text = the tabernacle, its tent, and its covering, its clasps, and its boards, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets; (Torah EXO.35.11, JPS 1917)
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tabernacle	tabernacle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	clasps	clasp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	boards	board	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	sockets	socket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
28	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	EXO.35.11	EXO.35.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
33	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nether-world is naked before Him, and Destruction hath no covering. (Writings JOB.26.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The nether-world is naked before Him, and Destruction hath no covering.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x4:1
# text = The nether-world is naked before Him, and Destruction hath no covering.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	nether	nether	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Destruction	Destruction	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the nether world |  |  |  | before Him *= he* | naked *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | Destruction | no covering |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covering=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.26.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.26.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.26.6	JOB.26.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering. (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x5:1
# text = I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clothe	clothe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	blackness	blackness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clothe** | present | I | the heavens |  |  |  | with blackness | vn dress-41.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heaven=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | I | sackcloth |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset sackcloth=Beneficiary covering=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x5:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.50.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.50.3	ISA.50.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They lie all night naked without clothing, and have no covering in the cold. (Writings JOB.24.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They lie all night naked without clothing, and have no covering in the cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x6:1
# text = They lie all night naked without clothing, and have no covering in the cold.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	clothing	clothe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | They |  |  |  | night | naked *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **clothe** | gerund | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** | present | They *not said here* | no covering |  | the cold |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covering=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.24.7, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x6:2
# text = (Writings JOB.24.7, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.24.7	JOB.24.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a light covering of snow on the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x7:1
# text = There was a light covering of snow on the playground.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a light covering of snow |  |  | the playground; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on playground=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals in the Arctic have a thick covering of fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x8:1
# text = Animals in the Arctic have a thick covering of fur.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Animals in the Arctic | a thick covering of fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covering=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put a covering over the paint pots so they don't dry out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x9:1
# text = Put a covering over the paint pots so they don't dry out.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pots	pot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | a covering |  | the paint pots |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent covering=Theme over pot=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **dry out** | present · do-support | pots *= pot* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Lee is covering our class while Mrs Day is ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x10:1
# text = Mr Lee is covering our class while Mrs Day is ill.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	Mrs	Mrs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · progressive | Mr Lee | our class |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent class=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | Mrs |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are covering fractions this week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x11:1
# text = We are covering fractions this week.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	fractions	fraction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · progressive | We | fractions |  |  | week |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fraction=Destination |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The skin is the body's covering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x12:1
# text = The skin is the body's covering.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	covering	covering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the skin | the body's covering |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never keep covering for a friend who is in danger — tell an adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x13:1
# text = Never keep covering for a friend who is in danger — tell an adult.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a friend | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | a friend |  |  | danger |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covering their heads with their blankets, they sat trembling with fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covering:x14:1
# text = Covering their heads with their blankets, they sat trembling with fear.
1	Covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	blankets	blanket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | gerund | heads *= head* *not said here* | their heads |  |  |  | with heads's blankets | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Destination with blanket=Theme |
| 2 | **sit** | past | heads *= head* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tremble** | gerund | heads *= head* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with fear | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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- ↑ back to [C in Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/C/)