---
title: covetousness — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «covetousness» in the Judaism dictionary: A strong greedy wish to have what other people have, or to keep getting more. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# covetousness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** other people, Thy, prince, understanding, covetousness, thou · **What happens:** have, keep, get, testify, lack, be · **To what, where:** more, great oppressor, many waters, end, covetousness, them

<!-- .vabout -->
«covetousness» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [covetousness in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/covetousness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong greedy wish to have what other people have, or to keep getting more.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:m1:1
# text = A strong greedy wish to have what other people have, or to keep getting more.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
15	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | other people |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **get** | gerund |  | more |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies, and not to covetousness. (Writings PSA.119.36, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies, and not to covetousness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x1:1
# text = Incline my heart unto Thy testimonies, and not to covetousness.
1	Incline	incline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **testify** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.36, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.36, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.36	PSA.119.36	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days. (Writings PRO.28.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x2:1
# text = The prince that lacketh understanding is also a great oppressor; but he that hateth covetousness shall prolong his days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lacketh	lack	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	oppressor	oppressor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hateth	hate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	ccomp	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | present | the prince |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | understanding | a great oppressor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hate** | present | prince |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **prolong** | shall | covetousness |  |  |  | day |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.28.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.28.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.28.16	PRO.28.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, the measure of thy covetousness. (Prophets JER.51.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, the measure of thy covetousness.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x3:1
# text = O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, the measure of thy covetousness.
1	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	dwellest	dwell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dwell** | present | thou |  |  | many waters |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon water=Location |
| 2 | **come** | present · passive |  | thine end |  |  |  | the measure of thy covetousness *obl* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **measure** |  |  | thy covetousness |  |  |  |  | nom measure «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.51.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x3:2
# text = (Prophets JER.51.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.51.13	JER.51.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their covetousness made them forget to be kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x4:1
# text = Their covetousness made them forget to be kind.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	forget	forget	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Their covetousness | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is** | to-infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covetousness can spoil a happy family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x5:1
# text = Covetousness can spoil a happy family.
1	Covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | can | Covetousness | a happy family |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox's covetousness led him into the trap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:covetousness:x6:1
# text = The fox's covetousness led him into the trap.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	covetousness	covetousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the fox's covetousness | fox |  | the trap |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into trap=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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