---
title: crashing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «crashing» in the Judaism dictionary: A loud noise of things smashing, breaking or falling. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# crashing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, heavy bodies, We, falling tree, horse · **What happens:** smash, break, fall, noise, burst, understand · **To what, where:** things, spreadings, clouds, LORD, crashing, bushes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«crashing» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [crashing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/crashing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loud noise of things smashing, breaking or falling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:m1:1
# text = A loud noise of things smashing, breaking or falling.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	smashing	smash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **noise** |  | things |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound of heavy bodies bursting through things, such as trees or branches.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:m2:1
# text = The sound of heavy bodies bursting through things, such as trees or branches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	bursting	burst	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burst** | gerund | heavy bodies *not said here* |  |  | things |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through thing=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yea, can any understand the spreadings of the clouds, the crashings of His pavilion? (Writings JOB.36.29, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Yea, can any understand the spreadings of the clouds, the crashings of His pavilion?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x1:1
# text = Yea, can any understand the spreadings of the clouds, the crashings of His pavilion?
1	Yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	any	any	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spreadings	spreading	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	crashings	crashing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	pavilion	pavilion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | can |  | the spreadings of the clouds and the crashings of His pavilion |  |  |  | any *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer spreading=Stimulus |
| 2 | **spread** |  |  | the clouds and the crashings of His pavilion |  |  |  |  | nom spreading «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.36.29, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x1:2
# text = (Writings JOB.36.29, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.36.29	JOB.36.29	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And in that day, saith the LORD, Hark! a cry from the fish gate, and a wailing from the second quarter, and a great crashing from the hills. (Prophets ZEP.1.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And in that day, saith the LORD, Hark! a cry from the fish gate, and a wailing from the second quarter, and a great crashing from the hills.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x2:1
# text = And in that day, saith the LORD, Hark! a cry from the fish gate, and a wailing from the second quarter, and a great crashing from the hills.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Hark	Hark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cry	cry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wailing	wailing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	25	amod	_	_
25	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	crashing	crashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present |  | the LORD and Hark |  |  | day | a great crashing from the hills *obl* | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent lord=Theme cry=Manner |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ZEP.1.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x2:2
# text = (Prophets ZEP.1.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ZEP.1.10	ZEP.1.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a crashing in the bushes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x3:1
# text = We heard a crashing in the bushes.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crashing	crashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a crashing |  | the bushes |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer crashing=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The falling tree made a loud crashing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x4:1
# text = The falling tree made a loud crashing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crashing	crashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | the falling tree | a loud crashing |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crashing=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Through the crashings of the branches, the horse ran on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:crashing:x5:1
# text = Through the crashings of the branches, the horse ran on.
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crashings	crashing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run on** | past | the horse |  |  | the crashings of the branches |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through crashing=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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