---
title: criminality — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «criminality» in the Judaism dictionary: The state of being guilty of crimes or wrongdoing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# criminality

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, one scale, tongue, א ״, balance · **What happens:** be, place, ש, typify · **To what, where:** merit, equilibrium, three first elements, one scale, other criminality

<!-- .vabout -->
«criminality» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [criminality in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/criminality.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of being guilty of crimes or wrongdoing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criminality:m1:1
# text = The state of being guilty of crimes or wrongdoing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	crimes	crime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the state |  |  |  |  | of crimes or wrongdoing; guilty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In one scale \[17\] is the merit and in the other criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In one scale \[17\] is the merit and in the other criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criminality:x1:1
# text = In one scale [17] is the merit and in the other criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	merit	merit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	criminality	criminality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | one scale | the merit and the other criminality |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **place** | present · passive | the tongue | the merit and the other criminality |  | equilibrium |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in equilibrium=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criminality:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The three first elements, א״מ״ש are typified by a balance, in one scale the merit and in the other the criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The three first elements, א״מ״ש are typified by a balance, in one scale the merit and in the other the criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criminality:x2:1
# text = The three first elements, א״מ״ש are typified by a balance, in one scale the merit and in the other the criminality, which are placed in equilibrium by the tongue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	elements	element	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	א	א	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	מ	מ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ש	ש	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	typified	typify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	merit	merit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	criminality	criminality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl:relcl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ש** |  | א ״ |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **typify** | present · passive | a balance | the three first elements and מ ״ ש |  | one scale |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **place** | present · passive | the tongue | the other criminality |  | equilibrium |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in equilibrium=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criminality:x2:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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