---
title: criticism — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «criticism» in the Judaism dictionary: Criticism is saying what is wrong or bad about someone or something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# criticism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Criticism, She, Constructive criticism, you, new rule, only criticism · **What happens:** say, be, judge, accord, take, help · **To what, where:** one point, books, criticism, you, lot, good criticism · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«criticism» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [criticism in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/criticism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Criticism is saying what is wrong or bad about someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:m1:1
# text = Criticism is saying what is wrong or bad about someone or something.
1	Criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · progressive | Criticism |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about someone; wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A criticism is one point about what is wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:m2:1
# text = A criticism is one point about what is wrong.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a criticism | one point |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judging books, art or music: literary criticism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:m3:1
# text = Judging books, art or music: literary criticism.
1	Judging	judge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | gerund |  | books and art or music |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent book=Value |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hence Isaac de Lates; criticism in the introduction to the Zohar : (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x1:1
# text = Hence Isaac de Lates; criticism in the introduction to the Zohar : (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	Hence	hence	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
3	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	Lates	Lates	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Zohar	Zohar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	case	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
26	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took the criticism well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x2:1
# text = She took the criticism well.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | She | the criticism |  |  |  | well *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criticism=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Constructive criticism helps you learn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x3:1
# text = Constructive criticism helps you learn.
1	Constructive	constructive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Constructive criticism | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new rule got a lot of criticism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x4:1
# text = The new rule got a lot of criticism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the new rule | a lot of criticism |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lot=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My only criticism is that the story was too short.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x5:1
# text = My only criticism is that the story was too short.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My only criticism |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Teachers give criticism kindly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x6:1
# text = Teachers give criticism kindly.
1	Teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Teachers | criticism |  |  |  | kindly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criticism=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film received good and bad criticism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x7:1
# text = The film received good and bad criticism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | the film | good criticism |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criticism=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aphrodite alone defied his criticism, for, to his great chagrin, he could find no fault with her perfect form.\[50\]

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Aphrodite alone defied his criticism, for, to his great chagrin, he could find no fault with her perfect form.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x8:1
# text = Aphrodite alone defied his criticism, for, to his great chagrin, he could find no fault with her perfect form.
1	Aphrodite	aphrodite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	defied	defy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	chagrin	chagrin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defy** | past | Aphrodite | Aphrodite's criticism |  |  |  | for Aphrodite's great chagrin; alone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | could | Aphrodite | no fault |  |  |  | with her perfect form | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fault=Topic |
| 3 | **chagrin** |  | Aphrodite |  |  |  |  |  | nom chagrin «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **form** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* \[50\]

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:criticism:x8:2
# text = [50]
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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