---
title: cruelly — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cruelly» in the Judaism dictionary: Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cruelly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Cruelly, way, he, that, roadside, other children · **What happens:** mean, cause, care, seem, oppress, do · **To what, where:** pain, purpose, committed robbery, wicked stepmother, Cinderella, puppy

<!-- .vabout -->
«cruelly» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cruelly in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/cruelly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:m1:1
# text = Cruelly means in a cruel way, causing pain or suffering on purpose or without caring.
1	Cruelly	cruelly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	caring	care	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cruelly |  |  |  |  | in a cruel way | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund | Cruelly *not said here* | pain or suffering |  | purpose |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 3 | **care** | gerund | Cruelly *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cruelly can also mean in a way that seems very unfair or unlucky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:m2:1
# text = Cruelly can also mean in a way that seems very unfair or unlucky.
1	Cruelly	Cruelly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	unlucky	unlucky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Cruelly |  |  |  |  | in a way | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **seem** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity. (Prophets EZK.18.18, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x1:1
# text = As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, committed robbery on his brother, and did that which is not good among his people, behold, he dieth for his iniquity.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	committed	committed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
24	among	among	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	dieth	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | past | he | committed robbery on his brother |  |  |  | as his father; cruelly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | among his people; good *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **die** | present | he |  |  |  |  | for his iniquity | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for iniquity=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.18.18, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x1:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.18.18, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.18.18	EZK.18.18	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wicked stepmother treated Cinderella cruelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x2:1
# text = The wicked stepmother treated Cinderella cruelly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	Cinderella	Cinderella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | participle |  | the wicked stepmother *not said here* | Cinderella |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cinderella=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy had been cruelly abandoned by the roadside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x3:1
# text = The puppy had been cruelly abandoned by the roadside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roadside	roadside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | past · perfect · passive | the roadside | the puppy |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The other children laughed cruelly at his mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x4:1
# text = The other children laughed cruelly at his mistake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the other children |  |  | his mistake |  | cruelly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mistake** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was cruelly injured a week before the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x5:1
# text = She was cruelly injured a week before the race.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past · passive |  | She |  |  | before the race; week | cruelly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is against the law to treat animals cruelly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x6:1
# text = It is against the law to treat animals cruelly.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |
| 2 | **treat** | to-infinitive |  |  | animals |  |  | cruelly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team was cruelly beaten by a goal in the last second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x7:1
# text = The team was cruelly beaten by a goal in the last second.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past · passive | a goal | the team |  |  | second | cruelly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who can have treated you so cruelly?”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cruelly:x8:1
# text = Who can have treated you so cruelly?”
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cruelly	cruelly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | can · perfect · passive |  | you |  |  |  | cruelly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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