---
title: cupbearer — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «cupbearer» in the Judaism dictionary: In old royal courts, a trusted servant whose job was to pour and serve wine to the king, and often to taste it first to check it was not poisoned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# cupbearer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** job, Nehemiah, cupbearer, trusted servant, Sam, she · **What happens:** trust, be, serve, taste, check, not poison · **To what, where:** wine, king, job, cupbearer, Nehemiah cupbearer, Joseph · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«cupbearer» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [cupbearer in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/cupbearer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old royal courts, a trusted servant whose job was to pour and serve wine to the king, and often to taste it first to check it was not poisoned.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:m1:1
# text = In old royal courts, a trusted servant whose job was to pour and serve wine to the king, and often to taste it first to check it was not poisoned.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
16	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	often	often	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	24	advmod	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	32	advmod	_	_
32	poisoned	poison	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | job |  |  |  |  | pour *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **serve** | infinitive | job *not said here* | wine | the king |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent wine=Theme to king=Recipient |
| 4 | **taste** | to-infinitive | job *not said here* | wine |  |  |  | first, often *property* | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme it=Attribute |
| 5 | **check** | to-infinitive | job *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **poison** | past · passive |  | job |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used of Nehemiah, who was cupbearer to the Persian king, and of Pharaoh's cupbearer in the story of Joseph.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:m2:1
# text = Used of Nehemiah, who was cupbearer to the Persian king, and of Pharaoh's cupbearer in the story of Joseph.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Nehemiah	Nehemiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Persian	persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of Pharaoh's cupbearer in the story of Joseph | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Nehemiah | cupbearer |  |  |  | to the Persian king | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nehemiah was cupbearer to King Artaxerxes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x1:1
# text = Nehemiah was cupbearer to King Artaxerxes.
1	Nehemiah	Nehemiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Artaxerxes	artaxerx	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past |  | Nehemiah cupbearer |  |  |  | to King Artaxerxes | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pharaoh's cupbearer told Joseph about his dream of a vine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x2:1
# text = Pharaoh's cupbearer told Joseph about his dream of a vine.
1	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	iobj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Pharaoh's cupbearer |  | Joseph |  |  | about cupbearer's dream of a vine | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent joseph=Recipient about dream=Topic |
| 2 | **dream** |  | cupbearer | a vine |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cupbearer tasted the wine before handing it to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x3:1
# text = The cupbearer tasted the wine before handing it to the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tasted	taste	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	handing	hand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | past | the cupbearer | the wine |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme wine=Attribute |
| 2 | **hand** | gerund | the cupbearer *not said here* | wine | the king |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to king=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the most trusted servant could be the royal cupbearer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x4:1
# text = Only the most trusted servant could be the royal cupbearer.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | could | the trusted servant | the royal cupbearer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cupbearer promised to remember Joseph, but he forgot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x5:1
# text = The cupbearer promised to remember Joseph, but he forgot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | the cupbearer |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **remember** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the cupbearer *not said here* | Joseph |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent joseph=Theme |
| 3 | **forget** | past | cupbearer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the play, Sam was the cupbearer with a golden goblet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x6:1
# text = In the play, Sam was the cupbearer with a golden goblet.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cupbearer	cupbearer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	goblet	goblet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sam | the cupbearer |  | the play |  | with a golden goblet | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then she called to the cupbearers for new wine, for she thought that when his head was hot with it he might consent to stay.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:cupbearer:x7:1
# text = Then she called to the cupbearers for new wine, for she thought that when his head was hot with it he might consent to stay.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cupbearers	cupbearer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	advcl	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	consent	consent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | she |  | the cupbearers for new wine |  | then |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to cupbearer=Recipient |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | his head |  |  |  |  | with wine; hot *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **consent** | might | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **stay** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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