---
title: damage — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «damage» in the Judaism dictionary: Damage is harm done to something so that it is broken, spoiled or weaker. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# damage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Damages, court, someone, you, ye, kings · **What happens:** be, do, break, spoil, damage, mean · **To what, where:** Damage harm, harm, something, it, money, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«damage» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [damage in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/damage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Damage is harm done to something so that it is broken, spoiled or weaker.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:m1:1
# text = Damage is harm done to something so that it is broken, spoiled or weaker.
1	Damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Damage harm |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | Damage harm *not said here* |  |  |  | to something | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break** | present · passive |  | harm |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **spoil** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To damage something means to harm or break it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:m2:1
# text = To damage something means to harm or break it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **harm** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **break** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Damages (plural) is money a court tells someone to pay for harm they caused.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:m3:1
# text = Damages (plural) is money a court tells someone to pay for harm they caused.
1	Damages	damage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Damages | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | a court | someone |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for harm | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for harm=Theme |
| 4 | **cause** | past | Damages *= damage* | harm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And take heed that ye be not slack herein; why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?' (Writings EZR.4.22, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And take heed that ye be not slack herein; why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?'

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x1:1
# text = And take heed that ye be not slack herein; why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
5	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nsubj	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	slack	slack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
9	herein	herein	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	damage	damage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hurt	hurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | heed |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heed=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive | ye |  |  |  |  | herein, slack *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **damage** | should | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **grow** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the hurt of the kings | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **hurt** |  | the kings |  |  |  |  |  | nom hurt «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EZR.4.22, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x1:2
# text = (Writings EZR.4.22, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZR.4.22	EZR.4.22	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off his own feet, and drinketh damage. (Writings PRO.26.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off his own feet, and drinketh damage.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x2:1
# text = He that sendeth a message by the hand of a fool cutteth off his own feet, and drinketh damage.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sendeth	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
12	cutteth	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	drinketh	drink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | present | He | a message |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |
| 2 | **cut off** | present | He *not said here* | his own feet |  |  |  | by the hand; of a fool | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme of fool=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **drink** | present | He *not said here* | damage |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent damage=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.26.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.26.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.26.6	PRO.26.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and over them three presidents, of whom Daniel was one; that these satraps might give account unto them, and that the king should have no damage. (Writings DAN.6.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and over them three presidents, of whom Daniel was one; that these satraps might give account unto them, and that the king should have no damage.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x3:1
# text = and over them three presidents, of whom Daniel was one; that these satraps might give account unto them, and that the king should have no damage.
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	over	over	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	presidents	president	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	Daniel	Daniel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	satraps	satrap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
18	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
28	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	29	det	_	_
29	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Daniel | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | might | this satraps | account |  |  |  | unto presidents *= president* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent account=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | should | the king | no damage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent damage=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings DAN.6.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x3:2
# text = (Writings DAN.6.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	DAN.6.3	DAN.6.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm caused a lot of damage to the roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x4:1
# text = The storm caused a lot of damage to the roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the storm | a lot of damage to the roof |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition lot=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loud music can damage your ears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x5:1
# text = Loud music can damage your ears.
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | Loud music | your ears |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much sun can damage your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x6:1
# text = Too much sun can damage your skin.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | can | much sun | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He damaged his bike when he rode into the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x7:1
# text = He damaged his bike when he rode into the wall.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	damaged	damage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | past | He | his bike |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |
| 2 | **ride** | past | he |  |  | the wall |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent into wall=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flood damaged many houses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x8:1
# text = The flood damaged many houses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	damaged	damage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | past | the flood | many houses |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar damages your teeth if you don't brush.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x9:1
# text = Sugar damages your teeth if you don't brush.
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	damages	damage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	brush	brush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | present | Sugar | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **brush** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful with library books; don't damage them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x10:1
# text = Be careful with library books; don't damage them.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with library books; careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **damage** | infinitive · do-support | you *not said here* | books *= book* |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did the hail do any damage to the car?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x11:1
# text = Did the hail do any damage to the car?
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hail	hail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | the hail | any damage |  |  |  | to the car | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent damage=Eventuality |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Oh, it's quite dry and isn't damaged at all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:damage:x12:1
# text = "Oh, it's quite dry and isn't damaged at all.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | it |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **damage** *in a quote* | present · passive |  |  |  | all |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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