---
title: dark — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dark» in the Judaism dictionary: Dark means with little or no light, like at night. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dark

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dark, dark colour, Dark hair, I, similitude, ye · **What happens:** mean, be, speak, do, not be, pass · **To what, where:** place, mouth, dark one, flock, one, lambs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dark» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 14 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dark in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dark.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark means with little or no light, like at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:m1:1
# text = Dark means with little or no light, like at night.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Dark |  |  |  |  | with no little light and night | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dark colour is deep and close to black, like dark blue or dark green.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:m2:1
# text = A dark colour is deep and close to black, like dark blue or dark green.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
13	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	green	green	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a dark colour |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a dark colour *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to black | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark hair, eyes or skin are deep brown or black.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:m3:1
# text = Dark hair, eyes or skin are deep brown or black.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dark hair and eyes or skin |  |  |  |  | brown *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Dark hair and eyes or skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dark is the time or place with no light: «afraid of the dark».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:m4:1
# text = The dark is the time or place with no light: «afraid of the dark».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dark | place |  |  |  | with no light | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark can mean sad, scary or bad: «a dark story».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:m5:1
# text = Dark can mean sad, scary or bad: «a dark story».
1	Dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	scary	scary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Dark |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
with him do I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD doth he behold; wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?' (Torah NUM.12.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* with him do I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD doth he behold; wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?'

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x1:1
# text = with him do I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD doth he behold; wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against My servant, against Moses?'
1	with	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	manifestly	manifestly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	speeches	speech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	similitude	similitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	doth	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
29	wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	34	advmod	_	_
30	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	34	advmod	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
32	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	34	nsubj	_	_
33	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
34	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	xcomp	_	_
37	against	against	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	against	against	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · do-support | I | mouth |  |  |  | with him *= he*; manifestly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | the similitude of the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | ye |  |  |  | then | afraid, wherefore *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | ye *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against My servant; against Moses | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.12.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.12.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.12.8	NUM.12.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I will pass through all thy flock to-day, removing from thence every speckled and spotted one, and every dark one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats; and of such shall be my hire. (Torah GEN.30.32, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I will pass through all thy flock to-day, removing from thence every speckled and spotted one, and every dark one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats; and of such shall be my hire.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x2:1
# text = I will pass through all thy flock to-day, removing from thence every speckled and spotted one, and every dark one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats; and of such shall be my hire.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	removing	remove	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	speckled	speckle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
23	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
25	among	among	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
31	spotted	spot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	amod	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	speckled	speckle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	conj	_	_
34	among	among	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
40	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
41	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	44	aux	_	_
42	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	44	cop	_	_
43	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	hire	hire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | future | I | every dark one among the sheep |  | thy flock | day |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through flock=Location |
| 2 | **remove** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **speckle** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thence *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **spot** | participle | I *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Destination |
| 5 | **spot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 6 | **speckle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | among the goats | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **is** | shall |  |  |  |  |  | of my spotted such hire | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.30.32, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.30.32, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.30.32	GEN.30.32	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Jacob separated the lambs — he also set the faces of the flocks toward the streaked and all the dark in the flock of Laban — and put his own droves apart, and put them not unto Laban's flock. (Torah GEN.30.40, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Jacob separated the lambs — he also set the faces of the flocks toward the streaked and all the dark in the flock of Laban — and put his own droves apart, and put them not unto Laban's flock.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x3:1
# text = And Jacob separated the lambs — he also set the faces of the flocks toward the streaked and all the dark in the flock of Laban — and put his own droves apart, and put them not unto Laban's flock.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	separated	separate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
17	streaked	streak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
31	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	droves	drove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
33	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	36	advmod	_	_
39	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	Laban	Laban	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	's	's	PART	POS	_	40	case	_	_
42	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | past | Jacob | the lambs |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lamb=Patient |
| 2 | **set** | past | Jacob | the faces of the flocks toward the streaked dark in the flock of Laban |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient face=Result |
| 3 | **streak** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **put** | past | Jacob *not said here* | Jacob's own droves |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent drove=Goal |
| 5 | **not** **put** | infinitive | Jacob *not said here* | droves *= drove* |  |  |  | unto Laban's flock | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.30.40, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x3:2
# text = (Torah GEN.30.40, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.30.40	GEN.30.40	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can He judge through the dark cloud? (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can He judge through the dark cloud?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x4:1
# text = Can He judge through the dark cloud?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | can | He |  |  | the dark cloud |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x4:2
# text = (Writings JOB.22.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.22.13	JOB.22.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even very dark, and no brightness in it? (Prophets AMO.5.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Even very dark, and no brightness in it?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x5:1
# text = Even very dark, and no brightness in it?
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	brightness	brightness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets AMO.5.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x5:2
# text = (Prophets AMO.5.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	AMO.5.20	AMO.5.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let their way be dark and slippery, the angel of the LORD pursuing them. (Writings PSA.35.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Let their way be dark and slippery, the angel of the LORD pursuing them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x6:1
# text = Let their way be dark and slippery, the angel of the LORD pursuing them.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	pursuing	pursue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | their way |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | their way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | their way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pursue** | gerund | the angel of the LORD *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.35.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.35.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.35.6	PSA.35.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It gets dark at 6 o'clock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x7:1
# text = It gets dark at 6 o'clock.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | It |  |  | 6 o'clock |  | dark *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 5 dark blue pens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x8:1
# text = There are 5 dark blue pens.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pens	pen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 5 dark blue pens |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark chocolate costs more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x9:1
# text = Dark chocolate costs more.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Dark chocolate | more |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many hours is it dark?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x10:1
# text = How many hours is it dark?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many hours |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many children are afraid of the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x11:1
# text = Many children are afraid of the dark.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many children |  |  |  |  | of the dark; afraid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter it is dark when we go home from school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x12:1
# text = In winter it is dark when we go home from school.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  | winter | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | we |  |  | school |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need light to see, so in the dark we see nothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x13:1
# text = We need light to see, so in the dark we see nothing.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | light |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot light=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | light *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **see** | present | we | nothing |  | the dark |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear something bright if you walk after dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dark:x14:1
# text = Wear something bright if you walk after dark.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  | after dark |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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