---
title: dash — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dash» in the Judaism dictionary: To dash means to run or go very quickly. A dash is a short, fast run. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dash, short line, Moses, thou, ye, They · **What happens:** dash, mean, run, go, be, use · **To what, where:** short fast run, short race, short line, writing, pause, small amount

<!-- .vabout -->
«dash» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dash in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dash means to run or go very quickly. A dash is a short, fast run.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To dash means to run or go very quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m1:1
# text = To dash means to run or go very quickly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dash	dash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **run** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A dash is a short, fast run.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m1:2
# text = A dash is a short, fast run.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dash | a short fast run |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dash is a short race, like the 100-metre dash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m2:1
# text = A dash is a short race, like the 100-metre dash.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	metre	metre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dash | a short race and the metre dash |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dash is a short line in writing (–) used to show a pause or a break.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m3:1
# text = A dash is a short line in writing (–) used to show a pause or a break.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	–	–	NUM	LS	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pause	pause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dash | a short line |  | writing |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | a short line *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | a short line *not said here* | a pause or a break |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pause=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dash of something is a very small amount, like a dash of salt.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m4:1
# text = A dash of something is a very small amount, like a dash of salt.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dash of something | a small amount |  |  |  | like a dash of salt | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dash hopes is to end them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:m5:1
# text = To dash hopes is to end them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dash	dash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dash** | to-infinitive |  | hopes |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | end *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when it was killed, Moses dashed the blood against the altar round about. (Torah LEV.8.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And when it was killed, Moses dashed the blood against the altar round about.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x1:1
# text = And when it was killed, Moses dashed the blood against the altar round about.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	round	round	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | past · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **dash** | past | Moses | the blood |  |  |  | against the altar | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent blood=Instrument against altar=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.8.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.8.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.8.19	LEV.8.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take its blood, and dash it round about against the altar. (Torah EXO.29.16, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take its blood, and dash it round about against the altar.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x2:1
# text = And thou shalt slay the ram, and thou shalt take its blood, and dash it round about against the altar.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	slay	slay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
10	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	dash	dash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	round	round	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	about	about	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | shall | thou | the ram |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ram=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | shall | thou | ram's blood |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme |
| 3 | **dash** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | blood |  | the altar |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme round altar=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.29.16, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.29.16, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.29.16	EXO.29.16	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But ye shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and ye shall cut down their Asherim. (Torah EXO.34.13, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But ye shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and ye shall cut down their Asherim.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x3:1
# text = But ye shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and ye shall cut down their Asherim.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	altars	altar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	Asherim	Asherim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | shall | ye | their altars |  |  |  | dash in pieces and pieces's pillars *obl* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent altar=Patient |
| 2 | **cut down** | shall | ye | pillars's Asherim |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset asherim=Product |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.34.13, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.34.13, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.34.13	EXO.34.13	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They shall bear thee upon their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone. (Writings PSA.91.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They shall bear thee upon their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x4:1
# text = They shall bear thee upon their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nsubj	_	_
11	dash	dash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | shall | They | thee |  |  |  | upon their hands | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Patient |
| 2 | **dash** | present | thou | thy foot |  |  |  | against a stone | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent foot=Instrument against stone=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.91.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.91.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.91.12	PSA.91.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then shalt thou walk in thy way securely, and thou shalt not dash thy foot. (Writings PRO.3.23, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Then shalt thou walk in thy way securely, and thou shalt not dash thy foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x5:1
# text = Then shalt thou walk in thy way securely, and thou shalt not dash thy foot.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	securely	securely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
12	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	dash	dash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
15	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | shall | thou |  |  | thy way | then | securely *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in way=Trajectory |
| 2 | **not** **dash** | shall | thou | thy foot |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.3.23, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x5:2
# text = (Writings PRO.3.23, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.3.23	PRO.3.23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.' (Writings PSA.2.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.'

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x6:1
# text = Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.'
1	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	nsubj	_	_
12	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	dash	dash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	potter	potter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | shall | Thou | them *= they* |  |  |  | with a rod of iron | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with rod=Instrument |
| 2 | **dash** | shall | thou | them *= they* |  | pieces like a potter's vessel |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme in piece=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.2.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.2.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.2.9	PSA.2.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom ran the 100-meter dash in 15 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x7:1
# text = Tom ran the 100-meter dash in 15 seconds.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	meter	meter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | Tom | the meter dash |  |  | second |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dash=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She dashed to the shop and back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x8:1
# text = She dashed to the shop and back.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dash** | past | She |  |  | the shop |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to shop=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a dash between the numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x9:1
# text = Write a dash between the numbers.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a dash |  |  |  | between the numbers | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dash=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each dash in the pattern is 2 cm long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x10:1
# text = Each dash in the pattern is 2 cm long.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each dash in the pattern |  |  |  |  | 2 cm *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a dash for the bus when it started to rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x11:1
# text = We made a dash for the bus when it started to rain.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a dash |  |  |  | for the bus | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent dash=Product for bus=Asset |
| 2 | **start** | past | dash | rain |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add a dash of salt to the soup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x12:1
# text = Add a dash of salt to the soup.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | a dash of salt |  |  |  | to the soup | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dash=Patient to soup=Co-Patient |

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Morse code, the letter A is a dot and a dash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x13:1
# text = In Morse code, the letter A is a dot and a dash.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Morse	Morse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	flat	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dot	dot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	dash	dash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the letter | a dot and a dash |  | Morse code |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain dashed our hopes of a picnic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x14:1
# text = The rain dashed our hopes of a picnic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dash** | past | the rain | our hopes of a picnic |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |
| 2 | **hope** |  | a picnic |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On she dashed in pursuit, chased and chased.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dash:x15:1
# text = On she dashed in pursuit, chased and chased.
1	On	on	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	chased	chase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	chased	chase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dash** | past | she |  |  | pursuit |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pursuit=Trajectory |
| 2 | **chase** | participle |  | pursuit *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **chase** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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