---
title: deceit — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deceit» in the Judaism dictionary: Deceit is making someone believe something that is not true, to trick them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deceit

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Deceit, someone, They, belly, He, truth · **What happens:** make, believe, not be, trick, be, lie · **To what, where:** someone, something, them, trick, fast deceit, mischief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«deceit» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deceit in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/deceit.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deceit is making someone believe something that is not true, to trick them.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:m1:1
# text = Deceit is making someone believe something that is not true, to trick them.
1	Deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	trick	trick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · progressive | Deceit | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **trick** | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deceit is a trick or lie.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:m2:1
# text = A deceit is a trick or lie.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a deceit | a trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | infinitive | a deceit *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return. (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x1:1
# text = They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | They | fast deceit |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Theme |
| 2 | **refuse** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **return** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x1:2
# text = (Prophets JER.8.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.8.5	JER.8.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity, and their belly prepareth deceit. (Writings JOB.15.35, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity, and their belly prepareth deceit.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x2:1
# text = They conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity, and their belly prepareth deceit.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	conceive	conceive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	iniquity	iniquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	prepareth	prepare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceive** | present | They | mischief |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mischief=Theme |
| 2 | **bring** | infinitive | They *not said here* | iniquity |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent iniquity=Theme |
| 3 | **prepare** | present | their belly | deceit |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deceit=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.15.35, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x2:2
# text = (Writings JOB.15.35, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.15.35	JOB.15.35	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He that breatheth forth truth uttereth righteousness; but a false witness deceit. (Writings PRO.12.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He that breatheth forth truth uttereth righteousness; but a false witness deceit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x3:1
# text = He that breatheth forth truth uttereth righteousness; but a false witness deceit.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	breatheth	breathe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	uttereth	utter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	righteousness	righteousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | He |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **utter** *speech: other* | present | truth | righteousness |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent righteousness=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.12.17, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x3:2
# text = (Writings PRO.12.17, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.12.17	PRO.12.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf's deceit fooled Little Red Riding Hood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x4:1
# text = The wolf's deceit fooled Little Red Riding Hood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fooled	fool	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Little	Little	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	Red	Red	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Riding	Riding	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Hood	Hood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fool** | past | the wolf's deceit | Little Red Riding Hood |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hood=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friendships can't last with deceit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x5:1
# text = Friendships can't last with deceit.
1	Friendships	friendship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	last	last	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **last** | can | Friendships |  |  |  |  | with deceit | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His deceit was discovered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x6:1
# text = His deceit was discovered.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	discovered	discover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past · passive |  | His deceit |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jacob won his father's blessing by deceit, the Bible tells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x7:1
# text = Jacob won his father's blessing by deceit, the Bible tells.
1	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	blessing	blessing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | Jacob | Jacob's father's blessing |  |  |  | by deceit | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blessing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **bless** |  | Jacob's father |  |  |  |  |  | nom blessing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hated lies and deceit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x8:1
# text = She hated lies and deceit.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hated	hate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | past | She | lies and deceit |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lie=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honesty is the opposite of deceit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x9:1
# text = Honesty is the opposite of deceit.
1	Honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Honesty | the opposite |  |  |  | of deceit | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The evil doer often comes to harm through his own deceit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deceit:x10:1
# text = The evil doer often comes to harm through his own deceit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	doer	doer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the evil doer |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **harm** | to-infinitive | the evil doer *not said here* |  |  | doer's own deceit |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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