---
title: deference — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deference» in the Judaism dictionary: Polite respect shown to someone by accepting their opinion or wishes, often because they are older, wiser or more important. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deference

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** opinion, their, deference, children, we, He · **What happens:** show, accept, be, opine, mean, shy away · **To what, where:** Polite respect, someone, opinion, respect, English translators, worldly symbolism · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«deference» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deference in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/deference.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polite respect shown to someone by accepting their opinion or wishes, often because they are older, wiser or more important.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:m1:1
# text = Polite respect shown to someone by accepting their opinion or wishes, often because they are older, wiser or more important.
1	Polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wishes	wish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	wiser	wise	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
22	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | participle |  | Polite respect *not said here* | someone |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **accept** | gerund |  | their opinion or wishes |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opinion=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | opinion |  |  |  |  | often, old *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | opinion *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **opine** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom opinion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In deference to» means out of respect for someone or something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:m2:1
# text = «In deference to» means out of respect for someone or something.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | deference |  |  | respect for someone |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nonetheless, English translators have usually shied away from the this-worldly symbolism of the ‘Holy Wind’, much preferring immaterial ‘Spirit’ either out of theological embarrassment or deference to tradition. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Nonetheless, English translators have usually shied away from the this-worldly symbolism of the ‘Holy Wind’, much preferring immaterial ‘Spirit’ either out of theological embarrassment or deference to tradition.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x1:1
# text = Nonetheless, English translators have usually shied away from the this-worldly symbolism of the ‘Holy Wind’, much preferring immaterial ‘Spirit’ either out of theological embarrassment or deference to tradition.
1	Nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	translators	translator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	shied	shy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	worldly	worldly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	symbolism	symbolism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	much	much	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	preferring	prefer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
24	immaterial	immaterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Spirit	Spirit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
28	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc:preconj	_	_
29	out	out	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	theological	theological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	embarrassment	embarrassment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shy away** | present · perfect · passive |  | English translators |  | the worldly symbolism of the Holy Wind |  | away, nonetheless, usually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prefer** | gerund |  | immaterial Spirit |  | theological embarrassment to tradition or deference |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spirit=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children spoke to the old chief with great deference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x2:1
# text = The children spoke to the old chief with great deference.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the children |  |  |  |  | to the old chief with great deference | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to chief=Co-Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In deference to Gran, we turned the music down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x3:1
# text = In deference to Gran, we turned the music down.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn down** | past | we | the music |  | deference to Gran |  | down *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He nodded with deference when the judge spoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x4:1
# text = He nodded with deference when the judge spoke.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	nodded	nod	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nod** | past | He |  |  |  |  | with deference | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flags were lowered in deference to those who had died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x5:1
# text = The flags were lowered in deference to those who had died.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lowered	lower	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lower** | past · passive |  | the flags |  | deference |  | to those | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme in deference=Destination to that=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **die** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She treats her coach with deference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x6:1
# text = She treats her coach with deference.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	treats	treat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present | She | her coach |  |  |  | with deference | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent coach=Recipient with deference=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of deference to the teacher, the class stood up when she came in.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x7:1
# text = Out of deference to the teacher, the class stood up when she came in.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | the class |  |  | deference to the teacher |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out deference=Location |
| 2 | **come in** | past | class |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he saw that I observed him he saluted me with great deference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:deference:x8:1
# text = When he saw that I observed him he saluted me with great deference.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	saluted	salute	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	deference	deference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **observe** | past | I | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **salute** | past | he | me |  |  |  | with great deference | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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