---
title: defile — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «defile» in the Judaism dictionary: A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# defile

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** defile, few, thou, He, I, that · **What happens:** be, pass, defile, dirty, spoil, not use · **To what, where:** narrow path, something, it, thyself, himself, chief man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«defile» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [defile in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/defile.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:m1:1
# text = A defile is a narrow path or valley between high rocks or hills, where only a few can pass at a time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	20	advmod	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a defile | a narrow path or valley |  |  |  | between high rocks or hills | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | can | a few |  |  |  | time |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To defile something is to make it dirty or spoil it so it cannot be used.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:m2:1
# text = To defile something is to make it dirty or spoil it so it cannot be used.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	dirty	dirty	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defile** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **dirty** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **spoil** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **use** | can · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her. (Torah LEV.18.20, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour's wife, to defile thyself with her.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	5	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	carnally	carnally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	thyself	thyself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Style=Arch	14	obj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **lie** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  | with thy neighbour's wife; carnally *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **defile** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | thyself |  |  |  | with wife | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.18.20, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x1:2
# text = (Torah LEV.18.20, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.18.20	LEV.18.20	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself. (Torah LEV.21.4, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x2:1
# text = He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	profane	profane	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **defile** | shall | He | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | a chief man |  |  |  | among man's people | tree rules |
| 3 | **profane** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah LEV.21.4, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x2:2
# text = (Torah LEV.21.4, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	LEV.21.4	LEV.21.4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother; (Torah LEV.21.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x3:1
# text = neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother; (Torah LEV.21.11, JPS 1917)
1	neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
12	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	12	nmod:unmarked	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	LEV.21.11	LEV.21.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	_
28	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	27	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go in** | shall | he | Torah LEV.21.11 |  | any dead body nor defile  himself |  | for his father or his mother; neither *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to body=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them? (Writings SNG.5.3, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x4:1
# text = I have washed my feet; how shall I defile them?
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | present · perfect | I | my feet |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |
| 2 | **defile** | shall | I | feet *= foot* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings SNG.5.3, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x4:2
# text = (Writings SNG.5.3, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	SNG.5.3	SNG.5.3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But thou art man, and not God, in the hand of them that defile thee. (Prophets EZK.28.9, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But thou art man, and not God, in the hand of them that defile thee.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x5:1
# text = But thou art man, and not God, in the hand of them that defile thee.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
3	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defile** |  | that | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.28.9, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x5:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.28.9, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.28.9	EZK.28.9	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But they set their abominations in the house whereupon My name is called, to defile it. (Prophets JER.32.34, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* But they set their abominations in the house whereupon My name is called, to defile it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x6:1
# text = But they set their abominations in the house whereupon My name is called, to defile it.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	abominations	abomination	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
10	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	defile	defile	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | they | their abominations |  | the house |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent abomination=Theme in house=Destination |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | My name |  |  |  | whereupon *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **defile** | to-infinitive |  | name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets JER.32.34, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x6:2
# text = (Prophets JER.32.34, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JER.32.34	JER.32.34	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army marched through the defile in single file.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x7:1
# text = The army marched through the defile in single file.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | the army |  |  | the defile |  | in single file | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through defile=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road ran through a narrow defile between two cliffs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x8:1
# text = The road ran through a narrow defile between two cliffs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	defile	defile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the road |  |  | a narrow defile |  | between two cliffs | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through defile=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not defile the spring with rubbish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:defile:x9:1
# text = Do not defile the spring with rubbish.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	defile	defile	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **defile** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  | spring | with rubbish | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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