---
title: dialect — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dialect» in the Judaism dictionary: A dialect is a form of a language spoken in a particular area or by a particular group, with its own words, grammar and pronunciation. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dialect

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dialect, grandad, characters, region, children, American English · **What happens:** be, speak, word, mean, have, use · **To what, where:** form, language, particular area, strong Yorkshire dialect, dialect, own dialect words · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dialect» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dialect in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dialect.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dialect is a form of a language spoken in a particular area or by a particular group, with its own words, grammar and pronunciation.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:m1:1
# text = A dialect is a form of a language spoken in a particular area or by a particular group, with its own words, grammar and pronunciation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dialect | a form |  |  |  | of a language | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  | a particular area or a particular group |  | with dialect's own words | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with word=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **word** |  | dialect |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad speaks a strong Yorkshire dialect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x1:1
# text = My grandad speaks a strong Yorkshire dialect.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Yorkshire	Yorkshire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My grandad | a strong Yorkshire dialect |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some dialects, «wee» means small.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x2:1
# text = In some dialects, «wee» means small.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	wee	wee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in some dialects and wee; small *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in dialect=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book's characters speak in dialect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x3:1
# text = The book's characters speak in dialect.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the book's characters |  |  | dialect |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every region has its own dialect words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x4:1
# text = Every region has its own dialect words.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | every region | region's own dialect words |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 2 | **word** |  | region |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standard English is used in most school writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x5:1
# text = Standard English is used in most school writing.
1	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Standard English |  | most school writing |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children laughed at the funny dialect word for «bread roll».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x6:1
# text = The children laughed at the funny dialect word for «bread roll».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the children |  |  | the funny dialect word for bread roll |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
American English and British English differ like dialects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x7:1
# text = American English and British English differ like dialects.
1	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **differ** | present | American English and British English |  |  |  |  | like dialects | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have modified the dialect and changed “Mally” into “Molly.”

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dialect:x8:1
# text = I have modified the dialect and changed “Mally” into “Molly.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	modified	modify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Mally	mally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Molly	Molly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **modify** | present · perfect | I | the dialect |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent dialect=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into Molly *result*; mally *property* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into molly=Result |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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