---
title: difficult — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «difficult» in the Judaism dictionary: Hard to do, understand or deal with; needing a lot of effort or skill. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# difficult

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Public domain books, gateways, culture, Samekh, These · **What happens:** understand, deal, need, please, get on, be · **To what, where:** lot, gateways, wealth, Notes, it, difficult passages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«difficult» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [difficult in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/difficult.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hard to do, understand or deal with; needing a lot of effort or skill.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:m1:1
# text = Hard to do, understand or deal with; needing a lot of effort or skill.
1	Hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	deal	deal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	needing	need	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **deal** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **need** | gerund | you *not said here* | a lot of effort or skill |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lot=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Full of problems or worries (a difficult time).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:m2:1
# text = Full of problems or worries (a difficult time).
1	Full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	worries	worry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a person — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not easy to please or get on with; unhelpful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:m3:1
# text = Not easy to please or get on with; unhelpful.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	please	please	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	unhelpful	unhelpful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **please** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **get on** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x1:1
# text = Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.
1	Public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	domain	domain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	gateways	gateway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	representing	represent	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	often	often	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	discover	discover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Public domain books | our gateways |  |  |  | to the past; culture and knowledge *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **represent** | gerund | our gateways *not said here* | a wealth of history |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot wealth=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | culture and knowledge |  |  |  |  | difficult, often *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **discover** | to-infinitive | culture and knowledge *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Samekh-Tzadi-Resh-Shin, between the teeth and tongue, lain down and flattened. \[note 1: These last two words, שכובה ושטותה, are difficult to identify. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Samekh-Tzadi-Resh-Shin, between the teeth and tongue, lain down and flattened.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x2:1
# text = And Samekh-Tzadi-Resh-Shin, between the teeth and tongue, lain down and flattened.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
2	Samekh	Samekh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Tzadi	Tzadi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Resh	Resh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Shin	Shin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	lain	lie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	down	down	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | participle | Samekh and Resh |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flatten** | participle | Samekh and Resh *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* \[note 1: These last two words, שכובה ושטותה, are difficult to identify.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x2:2
# text = [note 1: These last two words, שכובה ושטותה, are difficult to identify.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
6	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	שכובה	שכובה	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ושטותה	ושטותה	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	identify	identify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **word** |  | These |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **identify** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x2:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x3:1
# text = The Notes have been extended, and it is hoped that they explain and illustrate difficult passages, and render this abstruse treatise more comprehensible than it has been hitherto found.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	extended	extend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	hoped	hope	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	explain	explain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	illustrate	illustrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	passages	passage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	render	render	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
21	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	abstruse	abstruse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	treatise	treatise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	comprehensible	comprehensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
26	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
29	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extend** | present · perfect · passive |  | the Notes |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **hope** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Notes *= note* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **illustrate** | present | Notes *= note* *not said here* | difficult passages |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passage=Destination |
| 5 | **render** | infinitive |  | this abstruse treatise |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatise=Theme |
| 6 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | treatise |  |  |  | hitherto *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x3:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This puzzle is very difficult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x4:1
# text = This puzzle is very difficult.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this puzzle |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I find it difficult to wake up early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x5:1
# text = I find it difficult to wake up early.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	wake	wake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | I | it |  |  |  | difficult *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **wake up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last question was the most difficult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x6:1
# text = The last question was the most difficult.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the last question |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a difficult time for the family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x7:1
# text = It was a difficult time for the family.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a difficult time |  |  |  | for the family | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toddler is being difficult today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x8:1
# text = The toddler is being difficult today.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toddler	toddler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the toddler |  |  |  | today | difficult *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's difficult to say who will win.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x9:1
# text = It's difficult to say who will win.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **win** | future |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Climbing the mountain was difficult but fun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x10:1
# text = Climbing the mountain was difficult but fun.
1	Climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | gerund |  | the mountain |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location mountain=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Climbing |  |  |  |  | difficult *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Climbing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:difficult:x11:1
# text = Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Its dialect | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | Its dialect *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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