---
title: digging — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «digging» in the Judaism dictionary: The action of making a hole in the ground or moving earth, with a spade, hands, paws or a machine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# digging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** action, Jews, dog, We, Scientists, Digging · **What happens:** make, move, search, dig, know, come up · **To what, where:** hole, ground, earth, it, thee, Jews

<!-- .vabout -->
«digging» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [digging in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/digging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The action of making a hole in the ground or moving earth, with a spade, hands, paws or a machine.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:m1:1
# text = The action of making a hole in the ground or moving earth, with a spade, hands, paws or a machine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	spade	spade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the action *not said here* | a hole |  | the ground |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hole=Product |
| 2 | **move** | gerund | the action *not said here* | earth |  |  |  | with a spade and hands and paws or a machine | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent earth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Searching hard for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:m2:1
# text = Searching hard for something.
1	Searching	search	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **search** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for something; hard *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"digging for information".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:m2e:1
# text = "digging for information".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for information | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for information=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations. (Writings EZR.4.12, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.

<!-- fold The tree, 40 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x1:1
# text = be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.
1	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	obl	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	building	build	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	rebellious	rebellious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
42	out	out	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	foundations	foundation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | infinitive · passive |  | it |  |  |  | unto the king | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come up** | past | the Jews |  |  | thee |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from thou=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **come** | present · passive |  | the Jews | us |  |  | unto Jerusalem | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **build** | present · progressive | Jews *= jew* |  |  |  |  | rebellious *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **finish** | present · perfect | Jews *= jew* *not said here* | the walls |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wall=Eventuality |
| 6 | **dig out** | present · progressive | Jews *= jew* *not said here* | the foundations |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent foundation=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings EZR.4.12, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x1:2
# text = (Writings EZR.4.12, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZR.4.12	EZR.4.12	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog is digging in the garden again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x2:1
# text = The dog is digging in the garden again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present · progressive | the dog |  |  | the garden | again |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in garden=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We spent the afternoon digging at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x3:1
# text = We spent the afternoon digging at the beach.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | We |  |  |  | afternoon |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dig** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the beach | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at beach=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists are digging for dinosaur bones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x4:1
# text = Scientists are digging for dinosaur bones.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present · progressive | Scientists |  |  |  |  | for dinosaur bones | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for bone=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Digging deep holes in sand can be dangerous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x5:1
# text = Digging deep holes in sand can be dangerous.
1	Digging	dig	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | gerund |  | deep holes |  | sand |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Theme in sand=Location |
| 2 | **is** | can | Digging |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad is digging a vegetable patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x6:1
# text = Grandad is digging a vegetable patch.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present · progressive | Grandad | a vegetable patch |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent patch=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep digging until you find the answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:digging:x7:1
# text = Keep digging until you find the answer.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	digging	dig	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dig** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **find** | present | you | the answer |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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