---
title: downwards — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «downwards» in the Judaism dictionary: Downwards means towards a lower place or position. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# downwards

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, ball, Gravity, you, line, road · **What happens:** mean, go, seal, face, roll, pull · **To what, where:** smaller number, it, bottom, things, fingers, card face

<!-- .vabout -->
«downwards» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [downwards in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/downwards.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downwards means towards a lower place or position.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:m1:1
# text = Downwards means towards a lower place or position.
1	Downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | towards a lower place or position; downwards *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Downwards means going to a smaller number or amount.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:m2:1
# text = Downwards means going to a smaller number or amount.
1	Downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  | a smaller number or amount |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to number=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Six—He sealed Below and faced downwards and sealed it with Yod-Waw-Heh. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Six—He sealed Below and faced downwards and sealed it with Yod-Waw-Heh.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x1:1
# text = Six—He sealed Below and faced downwards and sealed it with Yod-Waw-Heh.
1	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sealed	seal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
5	Below	below	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	faced	face	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sealed	seal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	Yod	Yod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Waw	Waw	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Heh	Heh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seal** | past | He |  |  |  |  | below *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **face** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **seal** | past | He *not said here* | it |  |  |  | with Yod Waw | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball rolled downwards to the bottom of the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x2:1
# text = The ball rolled downwards to the bottom of the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | past | the ball |  |  | the bottom of the hill |  | downwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to bottom=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gravity pulls things downwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x3:1
# text = Gravity pulls things downwards.
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | present | Gravity | things |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Point your fingers downwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x4:1
# text = Point your fingers downwards.
1	Point	point	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | imperative | you *not said here* | your fingers |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The line on the graph goes downwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x5:1
# text = The line on the graph goes downwards.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the line on the graph |  |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road slopes downwards to the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x6:1
# text = The road slopes downwards to the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slopes	slope	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slope** | present | the road |  |  |  |  | to the river; downwards *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lay the card face downwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x7:1
# text = Lay the card face downwards.
1	Lay	lay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | imperative | you *not said here* | the card face |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone from age 10 downwards gets in free.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x8:1
# text = Everyone from age 10 downwards gets in free.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	downwards	downward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Everyone |  |  | free |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The summit of the tree waved to and fro, and bent downwards as if in his silent longing he sought for something.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:downwards:x9:1
# text = The summit of the tree waved to and fro, and bent downwards as if in his silent longing he sought for something.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	summit	summit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
13	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	longing	longing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | the summit of the tree |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fro** | infinitive | the summit of the tree *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seek** | past | summit |  |  | summit's silent longing |  | for something | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in longing=Location for something=Theme |
| 4 | **long** |  | summit |  |  |  |  |  | nom longing «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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