---
title: duality — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «duality» in the Judaism dictionary: the state of being two, or having two parts. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# duality

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, S3, Pythagorean infinity, I, Pythag oreans, infinite duality · **What happens:** be, have, make, not be, accord, prevail · **To what, where:** two parts, it, number, all, Zero, second element · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«duality» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [duality in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/duality.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
the state of being two, or having two parts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:m1:1
# text = the state of being two, or having two parts.
1	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of two | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | the state *not said here* | two parts |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
S3, 140, 148) made it clear that the Pythagorean infinity which is identical with infinite duality is not a number at all. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* S3, 140, 148) made it clear that the Pythagorean infinity which is identical with infinite duality is not a number at all.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:x1:1
# text = S3, 140, 148) made it clear that the Pythagorean infinity which is identical with infinite duality is not a number at all.
1	S3	S3	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	140	140	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	148	148	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Pythagorean	pythagorean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	infinity	infinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	duality	duality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | S3 | it |  |  |  | clear *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Pythagorean infinity |  |  |  |  | with infinite duality; identical *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | the Pythagorean infinity | a number |  | all |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:x1:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I believe that the Pythag- oreans regarded the Zero, 0, as the second element which was called the infinite, indeterminate duality, infinite binary, etc. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 41 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:x2:1
# text = Contrary to the prevailing opinion, I believe that the Pythag- oreans regarded the Zero, 0, as the second element which was called the infinite, indeterminate duality, infinite binary, etc. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	Contrary	contrary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	prevailing	prevail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	Pythag	Pythag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	_
13	oreans	orean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	regarded	regard	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Zero	Zero	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	23	amod	_	_
23	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
24	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
28	infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
30	indeterminate	indeterminate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	duality	duality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	binary	binary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	34	conj	_	_
37	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	appos	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
46	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	48	case	_	_
47	to	to	ADP	IN	_	46	fixed	_	_
48	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
49	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	_
50	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	51	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	38	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **believe** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **regard** | past | the Pythag oreans | the Zero |  |  |  | as the second element | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent zero=Theme as element=Value |
| 4 | **call** | past · passive |  | the second element |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pythagoreans could not have meant by infinite duality the number two, as many writers believe, for as the one is finite, so the number two and every other number must also be finite. (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The Pythagoreans could not have meant by infinite duality the number two, as many writers believe, for as the one is finite, so the number two and every other number must also be finite.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:x3:1
# text = The Pythagoreans could not have meant by infinite duality the number two, as many writers believe, for as the one is finite, so the number two and every other number must also be finite.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Pythagoreans	Pythagorean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	infinite	infinite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	duality	duality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	finite	finite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
29	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	33	det	_	_
32	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
34	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
35	also	also	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	cop	_	_
37	finite	finite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | could · perfect · passive | infinite duality and the number | the Pythagoreans |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 2 | **believe** | present | many writers |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | the one |  |  |  |  | finite *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | must | the number and every other number |  |  |  |  | finite *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:duality:x3:2
# text = (Mordell, The Origin of Letters and Numerals according to Sefer Yetzirah (1914))
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mordell	Mordell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Origin	Origin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	))	))	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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