---
title: dumb — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dumb» in the Judaism dictionary: In everyday talk, especially in the USA, dumb means stupid or silly, and it is a rude word for a person. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dumb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dumb, USA, use, people, you, LORD · **What happens:** mean, be, speak, say, non-speak, strike · **To what, where:** rude word, anything, mouth, man, LORD, lying lips · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dumb» in the Judaism dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dumb in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dumb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In everyday talk, especially in the USA, dumb means stupid or silly, and it is a rude word for a person.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:m1:1
# text = In everyday talk, especially in the USA, dumb means stupid or silly, and it is a rude word for a person.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	stupid	stupid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | dumb |  |  |  |  | in everyday talk in the USA; stupid *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in talk=Attribute |
| 2 | **is a** | present | USA | a rude word |  |  |  | for a person | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In older English, dumb meant not able to speak; this use is now hurtful and people say «non-speaking» or «unable to speak» instead.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:m2:1
# text = In older English, dumb meant not able to speak; this use is now hurtful and people say «non-speaking» or «unable to speak» instead.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
6	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
16	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	non-speaking	non-speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
29	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | dumb |  |  |  |  | in older English; able *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in english=Attribute |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | dumb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | this use |  |  |  | now | hurtful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **non-speak** *in a quote* | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be struck dumb means to be so surprised that you cannot say anything for a moment.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:m3:1
# text = To be struck dumb means to be so surprised that you cannot say anything for a moment.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	nsubj	_	_
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
15	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | dumb *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V» |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | surprised *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | can | you | anything |  |  | for a moment |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the LORD said unto him: 'Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh a man dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I the LORD? (Torah EXO.4.11, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And the LORD said unto him: 'Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh a man dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I the LORD?

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x1:1
# text = And the LORD said unto him: 'Who hath made man's mouth? or who maketh a man dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? is it not I the LORD?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	maketh	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
33	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
34	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto him *= he* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | made man's mouth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **make** | present |  | a man |  |  |  | dumb *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Product |
| 5 | **see** | gerund | the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **not** **is a** | present | mouth | the LORD |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.4.11, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.4.11, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.4.11	EXO.4.11	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am dumb, I open not my mouth; because Thou hast done it. (Writings PSA.39.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I am dumb, I open not my mouth; because Thou hast done it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x2:1
# text = I am dumb, I open not my mouth; because Thou hast done it.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nsubj	_	_
13	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | dumb *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **open** | present | I | my mouth |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme |
| 3 | **do** | present · perfect | Thou | mouth |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.39.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.39.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.39.10	PSA.39.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let the lying lips be dumb, which speak arrogantly against the righteous, with pride and contempt. (Writings PSA.31.19, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Let the lying lips be dumb, which speak arrogantly against the righteous, with pride and contempt.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x3:1
# text = Let the lying lips be dumb, which speak arrogantly against the righteous, with pride and contempt.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	lying	lying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
10	arrogantly	arrogantly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	righteous	righteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	contempt	contempt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | the lying lips |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | dumb *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present |  |  |  |  |  | against the righteous; with pride and contempt; arrogantly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with pride=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.31.19, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.31.19, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.31.19	PSA.31.19	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction. (Writings PRO.31.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x4:1
# text = Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	appointed	appoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | thy mouth |  |  |  | for the dumb | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mouth=Theme |
| 2 | **appoint** | present · passive |  | the cause of all *not said here* |  |  |  | to destruction | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: to destruction=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.31.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x4:2
# text = (Writings PRO.31.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.31.8	PRO.31.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a dumb mistake; I forgot to carry the one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x5:1
# text = That was a dumb mistake; I forgot to carry the one.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a dumb mistake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | past | I | a dumb mistake *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **carry** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | the one |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's unkind to call anyone dumb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x6:1
# text = It's unkind to call anyone dumb.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | to-infinitive |  |  | anyone |  |  | dumb *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was struck dumb when she saw the surprise party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x7:1
# text = She was struck dumb when she saw the surprise party.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past · passive |  | She |  |  |  | dumb *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Instrument |
| 2 | **see** | past | she | the surprise party |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer party=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He played dumb when Mum asked who ate the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x8:1
# text = He played dumb when Mum asked who ate the cake.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | He |  |  |  |  | dumb *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **eat** | past |  | the cake |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We won by dumb luck, not by skill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x9:1
# text = We won by dumb luck, not by skill.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | We |  |  |  |  | by dumb luck | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt dumb when I put my shoes on the wrong feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x10:1
# text = I felt dumb when I put my shoes on the wrong feet.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | dumb *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **put** | past | I | my shoes |  | the wrong feet |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme on foot=Destination |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals are sometimes called «dumb animals» because they cannot talk, but they are not stupid.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x11:1
# text = Animals are sometimes called «dumb animals» because they cannot talk, but they are not stupid.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	stupid	stupid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Animals |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **talk** | can | Animals *= animal* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | Animals *= animal* |  |  |  |  | stupid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lad was dumb with fright.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dumb:x12:1
# text = The lad was dumb with fright.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fright	fright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lad |  |  |  |  | with fright; dumb *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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