---
title: dunghill — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dunghill» in the Judaism dictionary: A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dunghill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dunghill, They, dainties · **What happens:** be, rot, keep, raise up, lift up, feed · **To what, where:** heap, rotting waste, farm, poor, needy, streets

<!-- .vabout -->
«dunghill» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dunghill in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dunghill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:m1:1
# text = A dunghill is a heap of animal dung and rotting waste kept outside a farm.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	dung	dung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	rotting	rot	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dunghill | a heap |  |  |  | of animal dung and rotting waste | tree rules |
| 2 | **rot** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | participle |  | rotting waste *not said here* |  | a farm |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent outside farm=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the needy out of the dunghill; (Writings PSA.113.7, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x1:1
# text = Who raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the needy out of the dunghill; (Writings PSA.113.7, JPS 1917)
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	raiseth	raise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lifteth	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	needy	needy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	_
16	out	out	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
23	PSA.113.7	PSA.113.7	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	flat	_	_
26	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise up** | present |  | the poor |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poor=Theme |
| 2 | **lift up** | present |  | the needy |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They that did feed on dainties are desolate in the streets; they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills. (Writings LAM.4.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* They that did feed on dainties are desolate in the streets; they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x2:1
# text = They that did feed on dainties are desolate in the streets; they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	feed	feed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	dainties	dainty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	scarlet	scarlet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	embrace	embrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	dunghills	dunghill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | past · do-support | They |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **desolate** | present | dainties |  |  | the streets |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring up** | past · passive |  | dainties *= dainty* |  | scarlet embrace dunghills |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings LAM.4.5, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x2:2
# text = (Writings LAM.4.5, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	LAM.4.5	LAM.4.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For in this mountain will the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down in his place, even as straw is trodden down in the dunghill. (Prophets ISA.25.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For in this mountain will the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down in his place, even as straw is trodden down in the dunghill.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x3:1
# text = For in this mountain will the hand of the LORD rest, and Moab shall be trodden down in his place, even as straw is trodden down in the dunghill.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	trodden	tread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	even	even	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
27	trodden	tread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
28	down	down	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tread down** | shall · passive |  | Moab |  | Moab's place |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **tread down** | present · passive |  | straw |  | the dunghill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets ISA.25.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x3:2
# text = (Prophets ISA.25.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	ISA.25.10	ISA.25.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x4:1
# text = The cow was thrown out upon a dunghill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw out** | past · passive |  | the cow |  | a dunghill |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme upon dunghill=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x5:1
# text = The farm cat slept on the warm dunghill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	slept	sleep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | participle |  | the farm cat *not said here* |  | the warm dunghill |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dunghill:x6:1
# text = The rubbish was piled up like a dunghill behind the barn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rubbish	rubbish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dunghill	dunghill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile up** | past · passive |  | the rubbish |  |  |  | like a dunghill behind the barn | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: subject=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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