---
title: dust — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dust» in the Judaism dictionary: Dust is very tiny bits of dirt, skin, hair and fibres that float in the air and settle on things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dust

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dust, fibres, Abraham, I, Lord, rain · **What happens:** be, float, settle, mean, wipe off, dust · **To what, where:** tiny bits, air, dust, fine powder, something, cake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dust» in the Judaism dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 15 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dust in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/dust.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust is very tiny bits of dirt, skin, hair and fibres that float in the air and settle on things.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:m1:1
# text = Dust is very tiny bits of dirt, skin, hair and fibres that float in the air and settle on things.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bits	bit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fibres	fibre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	float	float	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	settle	settle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dust | tiny bits |  |  |  | of dirt and skin and hair and fibres | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | present | fibres |  |  | the air |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Trajectory |
| 3 | **settle** | infinitive | fibres *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on things | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on thing=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dust means to wipe dust off furniture with a cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:m2:1
# text = To dust means to wipe dust off furniture with a cloth.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	wipe	wipe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | dust |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wipe off** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | dust *not said here* | dust |  |  |  | with a cloth | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme furniture=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To dust also means to sprinkle a fine powder on something, like dusting a cake with sugar.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:m3:1
# text = To dust also means to sprinkle a fine powder on something, like dusting a cake with sugar.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	dust	dust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sprinkle	sprinkle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	dusting	dust	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dust** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sprinkle** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a fine powder |  | something |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent powder=Theme on something=Destination |
| 4 | **dust** | gerund |  | a cake |  |  |  | with sugar | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent cake=Destination with sugar=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust is fine dry soil or powder, like the dust on a dirt road.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:m4:1
# text = Dust is fine dry soil or powder, like the dust on a dirt road.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dust | fine dry soil or powder and the dust on a dirt road |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To raise a dust means to cause a commotion or fuss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:m5:1
# text = To raise a dust means to cause a commotion or fuss.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	commotion	commotion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fuss	fuss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | to-infinitive |  | a dust |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cause** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a commotion or fuss |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition commotion=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who hath counted the dust of Jacob, or numbered the stock of Israel? (Torah NUM.23.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Who hath counted the dust of Jacob, or numbered the stock of Israel?

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x1:1
# text = Who hath counted the dust of Jacob, or numbered the stock of Israel?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	numbered	number	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present · passive |  | the dust of Jacob |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **number** | participle |  | the stock of Israel |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stock=Theme |
| 3 | **stock** |  |  | Israel |  |  |  |  | nom stock «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.23.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x1:2
# text = (Torah NUM.23.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	NUM.23.10	NUM.23.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Abraham answered and said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who am but dust and ashes. (Torah GEN.18.27, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And Abraham answered and said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who am but dust and ashes.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x2:1
# text = And Abraham answered and said: 'Behold now, I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who am but dust and ashes.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abraham	Abraham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	ccomp	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
18	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
23	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	dust	dust	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Abraham |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abraham *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  | upon me | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the Lord | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present |  | the Lord |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **dust** | present | the Lord | ashes |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent ash=Source |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.18.27, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x2:2
# text = (Torah GEN.18.27, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.18.27	GEN.18.27	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed. (Torah DEU.28.24, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x3:1
# text = The LORD will make the rain of thy land powder and dust; from heaven shall it come down upon thee, until thou be destroyed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
16	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
19	down	down	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | future | the LORD | the rain of thy land powder and dust |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Product |
| 2 | **come down** | shall | rain |  |  | heaven |  | upon thee; down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from heaven=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **destroy** | infinitive · passive |  | thou |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **rain** |  |  | thy land powder and dust |  |  |  |  | nom rain «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.28.24, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x3:2
# text = (Torah DEU.28.24, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.28.24	DEU.28.24	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shall the dust praise Thee? shall it declare Thy truth? (Writings PSA.30.10, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Shall the dust praise Thee? shall it declare Thy truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x4:1
# text = Shall the dust praise Thee? shall it declare Thy truth?
1	Shall	shall	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	declare	declare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | shall | shall dust praise  Thee | Thy truth |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truth=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.30.10, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x4:2
# text = (Writings PSA.30.10, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.30.10	PSA.30.10	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All flesh shall perish together, and man shall return unto dust. (Writings JOB.34.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* All flesh shall perish together, and man shall return unto dust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x5:1
# text = All flesh shall perish together, and man shall return unto dust.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
11	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | shall | all flesh |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **return** | shall | man |  |  |  |  | unto dust | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings JOB.34.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x5:2
# text = (Writings JOB.34.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	JOB.34.15	JOB.34.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust. (Writings PSA.103.14, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x6:1
# text = For He knoweth our frame; He remembereth that we are dust.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knoweth	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	remembereth	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | He | our frame |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer frame=Stimulus |
| 2 | **remember** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | we | dust |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.103.14, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x6:2
# text = (Writings PSA.103.14, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.103.14	PSA.103.14	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shelves were covered in dust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x7:1
# text = The shelves were covered in dust.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the shelves |  |  |  | in dust | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dust=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you dust the bookcase, please?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x8:1
# text = Can you dust the bookcase, please?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dust	dust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bookcase	bookcase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dust** | can | you | the bookcase |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bookcase=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust makes me sneeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x9:1
# text = Dust makes me sneeze.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	sneeze	sneeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Dust | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sneeze** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw dust floating in the sunbeam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x10:1
# text = We saw dust floating in the sunbeam.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sunbeam	sunbeam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | dust |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dust=Stimulus |
| 2 | **float** | gerund | dust *not said here* |  |  | the sunbeam |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunbeam=Trajectory |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car left a cloud of dust on the dirt road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x11:1
# text = The car left a cloud of dust on the dirt road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the car | a cloud of dust |  | the dirt road |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme on road=Location |
| 2 | **cloud** |  |  | dust |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dust the cake with icing sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x12:1
# text = Dust the cake with icing sugar.
1	Dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	icing	icing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 13 {#x13}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweep the dust into the dustpan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x13:1
# text = Sweep the dust into the dustpan.
1	Sweep	sweep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dustpan	dustpan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dust |  | the dustpan |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent dust=Theme into dustpan=Destination |

## Example 14 {#x14}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My old bike sat gathering dust in the shed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x14:1
# text = My old bike sat gathering dust in the shed.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gathering	gather	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | My old bike |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **gather** | gerund | My old bike *not said here* | dust |  | the shed |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dust=Theme |

## Example 15 {#x15}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“There is a dust,” he said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:dust:x15:1
# text = “There is a dust,” he said.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *in a quote* | present | a dust |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | dust |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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