---
title: embitter — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «embitter» in the Judaism dictionary: To embitter someone is to make them resentful and angry for a long time, after they have been hurt or treated unfairly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# embitter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, he, unfair loss, Years, king · **What happens:** embitter, be, hurt, treat, speak, grow · **To what, where:** someone, they, spirit, him, poor boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«embitter» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [embitter in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/embitter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To embitter someone is to make them resentful and angry for a long time, after they have been hurt or treated unfairly.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:m1:1
# text = To embitter someone is to make them resentful and angry for a long time, after they have been hurt or treated unfairly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	embitter	embitter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	resentful	resentful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
23	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **embitter** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, resentful *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **hurt** | present · perfect · passive |  | they |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **treat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | unfairly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For they embittered his spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips. (Writings PSA.106.33, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For they embittered his spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:x1:1
# text = For they embittered his spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	embittered	embitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	rashly	rashly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **embitter** | past | they | his spirit |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent spirit=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | he |  |  |  |  | with his lips; rashly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with lip=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.106.33, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:x1:2
# text = (Writings PSA.106.33, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.106.33	PSA.106.33	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The unfair loss embittered him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:x2:1
# text = The unfair loss embittered him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	embittered	embitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **embitter** | past | the unfair loss | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent he=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Years of teasing embittered the poor boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:x3:1
# text = Years of teasing embittered the poor boy.
1	Years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	teasing	teasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	embittered	embitter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **embitter** | past | Years of teasing | the poor boy |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent boy=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king grew more embittered each day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:embitter:x4:1
# text = The king grew more embittered each day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	embittered	embitter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **embitter** | participle | the king *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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