---
title: engraving — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «engraving» in the Judaism dictionary: A picture made by cutting lines into a metal plate or block of wood, then covering it with ink and pressing paper onto it to print the picture. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# engraving

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cutting designs, act, She, thou, they, old book · **What happens:** make, cut, cover, press, print, job · **To what, where:** picture, lines, metal plate, wood, paper, patterns · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«engraving» in the Judaism dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [engraving in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/engraving.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A picture made by cutting lines into a metal plate or block of wood, then covering it with ink and pressing paper onto it to print the picture.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:m1:1
# text = A picture made by cutting lines into a metal plate or block of wood, then covering it with ink and pressing paper onto it to print the picture.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	block	block	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
23	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	print	print	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a picture *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **cut** | gerund |  | lines |  | a metal plate or block of wood |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent line=Material into plate=Product |
| 3 | **cover** | gerund |  | wood |  |  | then | with ink | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with ink=Theme |
| 4 | **press** | gerund |  | paper |  | paper |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme |
| 5 | **print** | to-infinitive |  | the picture |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words, names or patterns cut into a hard surface such as metal, glass, stone or wood.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:m2:1
# text = Words, names or patterns cut into a hard surface such as metal, glass, stone or wood.
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | participle |  | patterns *not said here* |  |  |  | into a hard surface such metal and glass and stone or wood | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into surface=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The art or job of cutting designs into hard surfaces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:m3:1
# text = The art or job of cutting designs into hard surfaces.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	cutting	cutting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	designs	design	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	surfaces	surface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **job** |  | cutting designs into hard surfaces |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of cutting a design into something (part of the verb «engrave»: «She is engraving a name on the cup»).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:m4:1
# text = The act of cutting a design into something (part of the verb «engrave»: «She is engraving a name on the cup»).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	engrave	engrave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	engraving	engrave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund | the act *not said here* | a design |  | something |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent design=Material into something=Product |
| 2 | **engrave** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **engrave** *in a quote* | present · progressive | She | a name |  | the cup |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on cup=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and engrave upon it, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD. (Torah EXO.28.36, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and engrave upon it, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x1:1
# text = And thou shalt make a plate of pure gold, and engrave upon it, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	engrave	engrave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	signet	signet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
23	HOLY	holy	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
24	TO	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | shall | thou | a plate of pure gold |  |  |  | holy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plate=Product |
| 2 | **engrave** | infinitive | thou *not said here* |  |  | gold |  | like the engravings of a signet | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon it=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.28.36, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x1:2
# text = (Torah EXO.28.36, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.28.36	EXO.28.36	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they wrought the onyx stones, inclosed in settings of gold, graven with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel. (Torah EXO.39.6, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they wrought the onyx stones, inclosed in settings of gold, graven with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x2:1
# text = And they wrought the onyx stones, inclosed in settings of gold, graven with the engravings of a signet, according to the names of the children of Israel.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	onyx	onyx	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	inclosed	inclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	settings	setting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	graven	grave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	signet	signet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	case	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nmod	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrought** | past | they | the onyx stones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inclose** | participle |  | the onyx stones *not said here* |  | settings of gold |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grave** | participle |  | settings of gold *not said here* |  |  |  | with the engravings of a signet; accord the names of the children of Israel | tree rules |
| 4 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **name** |  |  | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.39.6, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x2:2
# text = (Torah EXO.39.6, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.39.6	EXO.39.6	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD. (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x3:1
# text = And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like the engravings of a signet: HOLY TO THE LORD.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	parataxis	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	signet	signet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
28	HOLY	holy	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
29	TO	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | they | the plate of the holy crown of pure gold |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset plate=Product |
| 2 | **write** | past | they *not said here* | a writing |  |  |  | upon gold | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Theme |
| 3 | **crown** |  |  | pure gold |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x3:2
# text = (Torah EXO.39.30, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	EXO.39.30	EXO.39.30	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old book had an engraving of a sailing ship on every page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x4:1
# text = The old book had an engraving of a sailing ship on every page.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	engraving	engraving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sailing	sailing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old book | a engraving of a sailing ship |  | every page |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engraving on the cup says «Champions».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x5:1
# text = The engraving on the cup says «Champions».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engraving	engraving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Champions	champion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the engraving on the cup | Champions |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent champion=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran's ring has tiny engraving inside it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x6:1
# text = Gran's ring has tiny engraving inside it.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	engraving	engrave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Gran's ring |  |  |  |  | tiny *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **engrave** | gerund | Gran's ring *not said here* |  |  | ring |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent inside it=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thomas Bewick made famous wood engravings of birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x7:1
# text = Thomas Bewick made famous wood engravings of birds.
1	Thomas	Thomas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Bewick	Bewick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Thomas | famous wood engravings of birds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The man in the shop is engraving my name on the medal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x8:1
# text = The man in the shop is engraving my name on the medal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	engraving	engrave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engrave** | present · progressive | the man in the shop | my name |  | the medal |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on medal=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Banknotes have fine engravings to stop people copying them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x9:1
# text = Banknotes have fine engravings to stop people copying them.
1	Banknotes	banknote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	copying	copy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Banknotes | fine engravings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engraving=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Banknotes *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality people=Eventuality |
| 3 | **copy** | gerund | people *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engraving on the old gravestone was worn and hard to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x10:1
# text = The engraving on the old gravestone was worn and hard to read.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engraving	engraving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gravestone	gravestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	worn	worn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the engraving on the old gravestone |  |  |  |  | worn *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the engraving on the old gravestone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **read** | to-infinitive | the engraving on the old gravestone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In art we tried a kind of engraving by scratching pictures into a foam tile and printing it.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x11:1
# text = In art we tried a kind of engraving by scratching pictures into a foam tile and printing it.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	engraving	engrave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	scratching	scratch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	tile	tile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | we | a kind |  | art |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Eventuality |
| 2 | **engrave** | gerund | a kind *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **scratch** | gerund | a kind *not said here* | pictures |  |  |  | into a foam tile and printing *result* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent picture=Patient into tile=Result |
| 4 | **printing** |  | kind |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was once a king's son who had a larger and more beautiful collection of books than any one else in the world, and full of splendid copper-plate engravings.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:engraving:x12:1
# text = There was once a king's son who had a larger and more beautiful collection of books than any one else in the world, and full of splendid copper-plate engravings.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
11	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
14	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
15	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	else	else	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
29	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
30	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	engravings	engraving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a king's son |  |  | there |  | once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | a king's son | a larger collection of books than any one in the world |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent collection=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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