---
title: est — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «est» in the Judaism dictionary: «Est» means «is» in French: «il est content» is «he is happy»; the «s» and «t» are silent, so it sounds like «eh». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# est

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Est, il, est content, s, content, L'est · **What happens:** mean, be, content, sound, say, establish · **To what, where:** French, east, st, Eastern, English ending, Latin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«est» in the Judaism dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [est in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/est.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Est» means «is» in French: «il est content» is «he is happy»; the «s» and «t» are silent, so it sounds like «eh».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m1:1
# text = «Est» means «is» in French: «il est content» is «he is happy»; the «s» and «t» are silent, so it sounds like «eh».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Est	Est	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	il	il	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	14	nsubj	_	_
13	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	content	content	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	s	s	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	t	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	so	so	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
36	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
37	like	like	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	eh	eh	INTJ	UH	_	36	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Est |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | Est *not said here* |  |  | French |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **content** *in a quote* |  | il |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | present | est content |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | the s and t |  |  |  |  | silent *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **sound** | present | content |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«L'est» also means «the east» in French, and then the «st» is said.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m2:1
# text = «L'est» also means «the east» in French, and then the «st» is said.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	L'est	L'est	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	st	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | L'est | the east |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot east=Theme in french=Attribute |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | the st |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Est.» is short for «established» (when a shop or school began) or «estimated» (a guess that is close).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m3:1
# text = «Est.» is short for «established» (when a shop or school began) or «estimated» (a guess that is close).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Est	Est	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	guess	guess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
28	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Est |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **establish** *in a quote* | participle | Est *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **begin** | past | a shop or school |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **estimate** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Value |
| 5 | **is** | present | a guess |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: abbreviation — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«EST» means Eastern Standard Time, the clock time in the eastern USA and Canada.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m4:1
# text = «EST» means Eastern Standard Time, the clock time in the eastern USA and Canada.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	EST	EST	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Eastern	Eastern	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
6	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Time	Time	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | EST | Eastern  Standard Time |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eastern=Topic |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«-est» is also an English ending meaning «the most»: «tallest», «fastest».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m5:1
# text = «-est» is also an English ending meaning «the most»: «tallest», «fastest».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ending	ending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | est | a English ending |  |  |  | fastest *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a English ending *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Latin, «est» also means «is».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:m6:1
# text = In Latin, «est» also means «is».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | est |  |  | Latin |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
29) Id est, made it the reigning power. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* 29) Id est, made it the reigning power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x1:1
# text = 29) Id est, made it the reigning power.
1	29	29	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Id	Id	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	est	EST	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	reigning	reign	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | 29 Id | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset it=Beneficiary power=Product |
| 2 | **reign** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moses auditoribus in secundo divinse veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quoe est posterior authoritate, habitus." Parisiis, 1552. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Moses auditoribus in secundo divinse veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quoe est posterior authoritate, habitus."

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x2:1
# text = Moses auditoribus in secundo divinse veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quoe est posterior authoritate, habitus."
1	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	auditoribus	auditoribus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	secundo	secundo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	divinse	divinse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	veritatis	veritatis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	loco	loco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	hoc	hoc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ratione	ratione	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	quoe	quoe	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	16	nsubj	_	_
14	est	est	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	16	flat:foreign	_	_
15	posterior	posterior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	authoritate	authoritate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	habitus	habitus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **authoritate** |  | quoe |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Parisiis, 1552.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x2:2
# text = Parisiis, 1552.
1	Parisiis	Parisiis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	1552	1552	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x2:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moses auditoribus in secundo divinæ veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quœ est posterior authoritate, habitus." Parisiis, 1552. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Moses auditoribus in secundo divinæ veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quœ est posterior authoritate, habitus."

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x3:1
# text = Moses auditoribus in secundo divinæ veritatis loco, hoc est in ratione quœ est posterior authoritate, habitus."
1	Moses	Moses	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	auditoribus	auditoribus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	secundo	secundo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	divinæ	divinæ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	veritatis	veritatis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	loco	loco	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	hoc	hoc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	ratione	ratione	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	quœ	quœ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
15	posterior	posterior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	authoritate	authoritate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	habitus	habitus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Parisiis, 1552.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x3:2
# text = Parisiis, 1552.
1	Parisiis	Parisiis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	1552	1552	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x3:3
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French, «c'est bon» means «it's good».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x4:1
# text = In French, «c'est bon» means «it's good».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	c'est	c'est	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	6	flat:foreign	_	_
6	bon	bon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | c'est bon |  |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in french=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | bon |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Elle est ma sœur» means «she is my sister».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x5:1
# text = «Elle est ma sœur» means «she is my sister».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Elle	Elle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	est	est	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	csubj	_	_
4	ma	ma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sœur	sœur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Elle | my sister |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bakery sign said «Est.» and then the year it opened.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x6:1
# text = The bakery sign said «Est.» and then the year it opened.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Est	Est	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the bakery sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **open** | past | sign | the year *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location year=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The table showed «est. 300 people», meaning about 300.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* The table showed «est.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x7:1
# text = The table showed «est.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the table | est |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent est=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* 300 people», meaning about 300.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x7:2
# text = 300 people», meaning about 300.
1	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** *in a quote* | gerund | 300 people *not said here* | 300 |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 300=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The football match starts at seven o'clock EST.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x8:1
# text = The football match starts at seven o'clock EST.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	EST	EST	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the football match |  |  | seven o'clock |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add «-est» to make the superlative: «fast, faster, fastest».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x9:1
# text = Add «-est» to make the superlative: «fast, faster, fastest».
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	superlative	superlative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | est |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the superlative |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset superlative=Product |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French «est» sounds like «eh», not like «east».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x10:1
# text = French «est» sounds like «eh», not like «east».
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	eh	eh	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | present | French |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Duplex libelli dos est: quod risum movet, Et quod prudenti vitam consilio monet.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:est:x11:1
# text = Duplex libelli dos est: quod risum movet, Et quod prudenti vitam consilio monet.
1	Duplex	duplex	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	libelli	libelli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dos	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	est	est	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	quod	quod	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	risum	risum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	movet	movet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Et	et	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	quod	quod	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	prudenti	prudenti	X	FW	_	13	compound	_	_
13	vitam	vitam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	consilio	consilio	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	13	dep	_	_
15	monet	Monet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | Duplex libelli | est |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent est=Eventuality |
| 2 | **quod** | infinitive |  | risum movet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **quod** | infinitive |  | prudenti vitam |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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