---
title: etymological — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «etymological» in the Judaism dictionary: Etymological means to do with etymology, the history of where words come from and how their meanings and forms have changed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# etymological

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Etymological, words, meanings, It, NShP, ’ · **What happens:** mean, do, come, change, derive, have · **To what, where:** etymological relationships, root נפ, name, tele, telephone, etymological reason · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«etymological» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [etymological in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/etymological.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Etymological means to do with etymology, the history of where words come from and how their meanings and forms have changed.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:m1:1
# text = Etymological means to do with etymology, the history of where words come from and how their meanings and forms have changed.
1	Etymological	Etymological	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	etymology	etymology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
12	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	meanings	meaning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Etymological |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with etymology and the history | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | present | words |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | present · perfect | words's meanings and forms |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mean** |  | words *= word* |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It derives from the root נפ״שׁ NPSh, having to do with breathing, refreshing, and resting; its etymological relationships with curiously similar roots like נשׁ״ם NShM ‘to breathe, pant’, נשׁ״ף NShP ‘to blow’, and נשׁ״ב NShB ‘to blow’ are unclear. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It derives from the root נפ״שׁ NPSh, having to do with breathing, refreshing, and resting; its etymological relationships with curiously similar roots like נשׁ״ם NShM ‘to breathe, pant’, נשׁ״ף NShP ‘to blow’, and נשׁ״ב NShB ‘to blow’ are unclear.

<!-- fold The tree, 47 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x1:1
# text = It derives from the root נפ״שׁ NPSh, having to do with breathing, refreshing, and resting; its etymological relationships with curiously similar roots like נשׁ״ם NShM ‘to breathe, pant’, נשׁ״ף NShP ‘to blow’, and נשׁ״ב NShB ‘to blow’ are unclear.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	derives	derive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	נפ	נפ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	״	״	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	שׁ	שׁ	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	NPSh	NPSh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	refreshing	refresh	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	relationships	relationship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	curiously	curiously	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
29	like	like	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
30	נשׁ	נשׁ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	ם	ם	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	NShM	nshm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
34	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	33	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
38	pant	pant	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	נשׁ	נשׁ	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	״	״	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	ף	ף	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
44	NShP	NShP	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
45	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
47	blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
51	נשׁ	נשׁ	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	54	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	״	״	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	51	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	ב	ב	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	51	flat:foreign	_	_
54	NShB	NShB	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
55	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	to	to	PART	TO	_	57	mark	_	_
57	blow	blow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	54	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	’	'	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	nsubj	_	_
59	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	60	cop	_	_
60	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present | It | breathing's etymological relationships with similar roots like ״ ם NShM |  | the root נפ שׁ NPSh |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent nshb=Result from נפ=Material |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with breathing | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **refresh** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **rest** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **pant** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **blow** | to-infinitive | NShP |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 9 | **blow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 10 | **is** | present | ’ |  |  |  |  | unclear *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The etymological dictionary shows that «sandwich» comes from a person's name.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x2:1
# text = The etymological dictionary shows that «sandwich» comes from a person's name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the etymological dictionary |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | present | sandwich |  |  | a person's name |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from name=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **name** |  | a person |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An etymological link connects «tele» in telephone and television.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x3:1
# text = An etymological link connects «tele» in telephone and television.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	connects	connect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	tele	tele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	television	television	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | present | a etymological link | tele |  | telephone and television |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tele=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our teacher gave an etymological reason for the silent k in «knight».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x4:1
# text = Our teacher gave an etymological reason for the silent k in «knight».
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	k	k	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Our teacher | a etymological reason |  |  |  | for the silent k in knight | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for k=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book has etymological notes for every word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x5:1
# text = The book has etymological notes for every word.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the book | etymological notes |  |  |  | for every word | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many science words have Greek etymological roots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x6:1
# text = Many science words have Greek etymological roots.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many science words | Greek etymological roots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no etymological connection between «island» and «isle», even though they look alike.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:etymological:x7:1
# text = There is no etymological connection between «island» and «isle», even though they look alike.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	isle	isle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	alike	alike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no etymological connection between island and isle |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present | island |  |  |  |  | alike *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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