---
title: europe — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «europe» in the Judaism dictionary: Europe is one of the seven continents of the world. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Ukraine are in Europe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# europe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Europe, France, Zunz, we, They, trip · **What happens:** be, maintain, have, look, compose, fly · **To what, where:** one, Europe, period, 5 countries, island, west · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«europe» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [europe in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/europe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Europe is one of the seven continents of the world. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Ukraine are in Europe.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Europe is one of the seven continents of the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:m1:1
# text = Europe is one of the seven continents of the world.
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Europe | one |  |  |  | of the seven continents of the world | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Ukraine are in Europe.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:m1:2
# text = France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Ireland, the United Kingdom and Ukraine are in Europe.
1	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Poland	Poland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	15	flat	_	_
15	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | France and Germany and Italy and Spain and Poland and Ireland and the United Kingdom and Ukraine |  |  | Europe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dr. Zunz, the Nestor of the Jewish Rabbis in Europe, maintains that we have to look for the genesis of the book "Yezirah" in the Geonic period, (700-1000), and that it was consequently composed in a post-talmudical time. (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Dr. Zunz, the Nestor of the Jewish Rabbis in Europe, maintains that we have to look for the genesis of the book "Yezirah" in the Geonic period, (700-1000), and that it was consequently composed in a post-talmudical time.

<!-- fold The tree, 38 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x1:1
# text = Dr. Zunz, the Nestor of the Jewish Rabbis in Europe, maintains that we have to look for the genesis of the book "Yezirah" in the Geonic period, (700-1000), and that it was consequently composed in a post-talmudical time.
1	Dr.	Dr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Zunz	Zunz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Nestor	Nestor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Rabbis	Rabbi	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	maintains	maintain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	genesis	genesis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Yezirah	Yezirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Geonic	Geonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	700-1000	700-1000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
39	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
41	consequently	consequently	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	post-talmudical	post-talmudical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **maintain** | present | Zunz  Dr. |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the genesis of the book in the Geonic period | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for genesis=Theme |
| 4 | **compose** | past · passive |  | period |  |  | time | consequently *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Kalisch 1877)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Kalisch	Kalisch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1877	1877	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They flew to Europe for 10 days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x2:1
# text = They flew to Europe for 10 days.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | They |  | Europe |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to europe=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trip to Europe cost $2,400.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x3:1
# text = The trip to Europe cost $2,400.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	cost	cost	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	$	$	SYM	$	_	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	2,400	2,400	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | past | the trip to Europe |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She visited 5 countries in Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x4:1
# text = She visited 5 countries in Europe.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | She | 5 countries |  | Europe |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flight to Europe takes 8 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x5:1
# text = The flight to Europe takes 8 hours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the flight to Europe |  |  |  | hour |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Europe is one of the seven continents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x6:1
# text = Europe is one of the seven continents.
1	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Europe | one |  |  |  | of the seven continents | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ireland is an island in the west of Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x7:1
# text = Ireland is an island in the west of Europe.
1	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ireland | a island |  | the west of Europe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many languages are spoken in Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x8:1
# text = Many languages are spoken in Europe.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Many languages |  | Europe |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The longest river in Europe is the Volga.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x9:1
# text = The longest river in Europe is the Volga.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Volga	Volga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the longest river in Europe | the Volga |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climate in the north of Europe is really dreadful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:europe:x10:1
# text = The climate in the north of Europe is really dreadful.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climate	climate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	really	really	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the climate in the north of Europe |  |  |  |  | dreadful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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