---
title: evolution — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «evolution» in the Judaism dictionary: Evolution is how living things change over a very long time, from one generation to the next. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# evolution

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Evolution, phones, science, reason, numbers, Darwin · **What happens:** be, develop, evolve, fix, take, account · **To what, where:** one generation, anything, human spirit, account, possible development, intelligence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«evolution» in the Judaism dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [evolution in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/evolution.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Evolution is how living things change over a very long time, from one generation to the next.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:m1:1
# text = Evolution is how living things change over a very long time, from one generation to the next.
1	Evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	generation	generation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Evolution |  |  |  | from one generation to the next; time | change *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The slow change and development of anything: the evolution of phones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:m2:1
# text = The slow change and development of anything: the evolution of phones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** |  |  | anything |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **evolve** |  | phones |  |  |  |  |  | nom evolution «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the science of the Sepher Jezirah the human spirit is fixed to truth, and in reason, and is able to take account of the possible development of intelligence by the evolutions of numbers. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* By the science of the Sepher Jezirah the human spirit is fixed to truth, and in reason, and is able to take account of the possible development of intelligence by the evolutions of numbers.

<!-- fold The tree, 34 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x1:1
# text = By the science of the Sepher Jezirah the human spirit is fixed to truth, and in reason, and is able to take account of the possible development of intelligence by the evolutions of numbers.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Sepher	Sepher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Jezirah	Jezirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	acl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	possible	possible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	evolutions	evolution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | present · passive | the science of the Sepher Jezirah | the human spirit |  |  |  | to truth | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient to truth=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | reason *not said here* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | reason *not said here* | account of the possible development of intelligence |  |  |  | by the evolutions of numbers | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent account=Theme |
| 4 | **account** |  |  | the possible development of intelligence |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **develop** |  |  | intelligence |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **evolve** |  | numbers |  |  |  |  |  | nom evolution «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Darwin studied the evolution of finches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x2:1
# text = Darwin studied the evolution of finches.
1	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	finches	finch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | Darwin | the evolution of finches |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evolution=Topic |
| 2 | **evolve** |  | finches |  |  |  |  |  | nom evolution «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Evolution explains how whales came from land animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x3:1
# text = Evolution explains how whales came from land animals.
1	Evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | Evolution |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | whales |  |  |  |  | from land animals | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from animal=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The evolution of cars has been fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x4:1
# text = The evolution of cars has been fast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present · perfect | the evolution of cars |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **evolve** |  | cars |  |  |  |  |  | nom evolution «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fossils show evolution over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x5:1
# text = Fossils show evolution over time.
1	Fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Fossils | evolution |  |  | time |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent evolution=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Christians believe God works through evolution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x6:1
# text = Many Christians believe God works through evolution.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Many Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **work** | present | God |  |  | evolution |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The theory of evolution was put forward by Charles Darwin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:evolution:x7:1
# text = The theory of evolution was put forward by Charles Darwin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
10	Darwin	Darwin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put forward** | past · passive | Charles | the theory of evolution |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent subject=Goal |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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