--- title: execrate — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics description: «execrate» in the Judaism dictionary: To curse something and say it is hateful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/execrate/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/) / [E](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/judaism/E/) / execrate # execrate **Who acts:** it, I, LORD, he, Aram, righteous peoples · **What happens:** curse, say, be, execrate, not execrate, take up · **To what, where:** something, parable, me, mountains, Israel, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here «execrate» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [execrate in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/execrate.md). ## Meaning 1 {#m1} To curse something and say it is hateful. ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:m1:1 # text = To curse something and say it is hateful. 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 curse curse VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 hateful hateful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **curse** | to-infinitive | | something | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | it | | | | | hateful *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## Example 1 {#x1} And how shall I execrate, whom the LORD hath not execrated? (Torah NUM.23.8, JPS 1917) *Sentence 1:* And how shall I execrate, whom the LORD hath not execrated? ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:x1:1 # text = And how shall I execrate, whom the LORD hath not execrated? 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 5 advmod _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 5 execrate execrate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 12 obj _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 10 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 execrated execrate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **execrate** | shall | I | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **not** **execrate** | present · perfect | the LORD | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus | *Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.23.8, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:x1:2 # text = (Torah NUM.23.8, JPS 1917) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Torah Torah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 NUM.23.8 NUM.23.8 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 3 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## Example 2 {#x2} And he took up his parable, and said: From Aram Balak bringeth me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East: 'Come, curse me Jacob, and come, execrate Israel.' (Torah NUM.23.7, JPS 1917) *Sentence 1:* And he took up his parable, and said: From Aram Balak bringeth me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East: 'Come, curse me Jacob, and come, execrate Israel.' ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:x2:1 # text = And he took up his parable, and said: From Aram Balak bringeth me, the king of Moab from the mountains of the East: 'Come, curse me Jacob, and come, execrate Israel.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 parable parable NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 : : PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 From from ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Aram Aram PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 Balak Balak PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 flat _ _ 14 bringeth bring VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ _ 15 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Moab Moab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 from from ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 East East PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 : : PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 28 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 29 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 29 Come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 curse curse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ _ 32 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 Jacob Jacob PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 execrate execrate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ _ 39 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take up** | past | he | his parable | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parable=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **bring** | present | Aram | me | | the mountains of the East | | the king of Moab *obl* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent i=Theme from mountain=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **come** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **curse** | infinitive | | me | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **come** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **execrate** | infinitive | | Israel | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer israel=Stimulus | *Sentence 2:* (Torah NUM.23.7, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:x2:2 # text = (Torah NUM.23.7, JPS 1917) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 Torah Torah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 NUM.23.7 NUM.23.7 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 7 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 3 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## Example 3 {#x3} He that saith unto the wicked: 'Thou art righteous', peoples shall curse him, nations shall execrate him; (Writings PRO.24.24, JPS 1917) ```conllu # sent_id = dict:judaism:execrate:x3:1 # text = He that saith unto the wicked: 'Thou art righteous', peoples shall curse him, nations shall execrate him; (Writings PRO.24.24, JPS 1917) 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ _ 3 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 wicked wicked ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 10 nsubj _ _ 10 art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 righteous righteous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ', ', PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 14 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 curse curse VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 ccomp _ _ 16 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 execrate execrate VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 21 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 24 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 Writings writing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ _ 25 PRO.24.24 PRO.24.24 PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 JPS JPS PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 flat _ _ 28 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 24 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | He | | | | | unto the wicked | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **curse** | shall | righteous peoples | him *= he* | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 3 | **execrate** | shall | nations | him *= he* | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | **Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. 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