---
title: expensive — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «expensive» in the Judaism dictionary: Expensive means costing a lot of money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# expensive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Expensive, work, we, bike, toy, Phones · **What happens:** mean, cost, be, keep, provide, take · **To what, where:** lot, resource, steps, abuse, technical restrictions, automated querying

<!-- .vabout -->
«expensive» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [expensive in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/expensive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Expensive means costing a lot of money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:m1:1
# text = Expensive means costing a lot of money.
1	Expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	costing	cost	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Expensive |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cost** *not said to happen* | gerund | Expensive *not said here* | a lot of money |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x1:1
# text = Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	12	mark	_	_
10	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	fixed	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	providing	provide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	resource	resource	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
20	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
23	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	commercial	commercial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	including	including	ADP	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
29	placing	place	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
30	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	restrictions	restriction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	automated	automated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	querying	querying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this work |  |  |  |  | expensive, nevertheless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **provide** | gerund |  | this resource |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition resource=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | present · perfect | we | steps |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme |
| 5 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | abuse |  |  |  | by commercial parties | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer abuse=Theme |
| 6 | **place** | gerund | we *not said here* | technical restrictions |  | automated querying |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent restriction=Theme on querying=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Westcott 1893)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Westcott	Westcott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That bike is too expensive for me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x2:1
# text = That bike is too expensive for me.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that bike |  |  |  |  | for me; expensive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which toy is more expensive, the robot or the train?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x3:1
# text = Which toy is more expensive, the robot or the train?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	robot	robot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which toy |  |  |  |  | the robot or the train *obl*; expensive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The robot is $5 more expensive than the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x4:1
# text = The robot is $5 more expensive than the train.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	robot	robot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	$	$	SYM	$	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
6	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phones are expensive to fix if you drop them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x5:1
# text = Phones are expensive to fix if you drop them.
1	Phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Phones |  |  |  |  | expensive *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fix** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **drop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | Phones *= phone* |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought the cheaper one; the other was too expensive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x6:1
# text = We bought the cheaper one; the other was too expensive.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | the cheaper one |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the other |  |  |  |  | expensive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating out every day is expensive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x7:1
# text = Eating out every day is expensive.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat out** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Eating |  |  |  |  | expensive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Diamonds are very expensive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x8:1
# text = Diamonds are very expensive.
1	Diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Diamonds |  |  |  |  | expensive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was not an expensive piece of wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:expensive:x9:1
# text = It was not an expensive piece of wood.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | It | a expensive piece |  |  |  | of wood | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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