---
title: failing — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «failing» in the Judaism dictionary: A failing is a fault or weakness in a person's character or behaviour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# failing

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**Who acts:** failing, thou, rest, LORD, Everyone, Pride · **What happens:** be, have, give, fail · **To what, where:** fault, character, repose, trembling heart, thee, failings

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«failing» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [failing in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/failing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A failing is a fault or weakness in a person's character or behaviour.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:m1:1
# text = A failing is a fault or weakness in a person's character or behaviour.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	failing	failing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	weakness	weakness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a failing | a fault or weakness |  | a person's character or behaviour |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And among these nations shalt thou have no repose, and there shall be no rest for the sole of thy foot; but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and languishing of soul. (Torah DEU.28.65, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And among these nations shalt thou have no repose, and there shall be no rest for the sole of thy foot; but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and languishing of soul.

<!-- fold The tree, 39 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:x1:1
# text = And among these nations shalt thou have no repose, and there shall be no rest for the sole of thy foot; but the LORD shall give thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and languishing of soul.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	among	among	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
5	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	7	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	repose	repose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
13	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
27	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
29	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	iobj	_	_
30	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	trembling	trembling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
36	failing	fail	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	41	csubj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	languishing	languishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | shall | thou | no repose |  |  |  | among this nations | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent repose=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | shall | no rest for the sole of thy foot |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | shall | the LORD | a trembling heart | thee | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fail** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of eyes | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah DEU.28.65, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:x1:2
# text = (Torah DEU.28.65, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	DEU.28.65	DEU.28.65	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone has some failings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:x2:1
# text = Everyone has some failings.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	failings	failing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Everyone | some failings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent failing=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pride was his greatest failing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:x3:1
# text = Pride was his greatest failing.
1	Pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	failing	failing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Pride | his greatest failing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be kind about the failings of others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:failing:x4:1
# text = Be kind about the failings of others.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	failings	failing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the failings of others; kind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fail** |  |  | others |  |  |  |  | nom failing «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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