---
title: faithless — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «faithless» in the Judaism dictionary: Faithless means not loyal, breaking a promise or failing to keep a friend true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# faithless

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Faithless, Good understanding, way, She, I, that · **What happens:** mean, break, fail, not keep, give, be · **To what, where:** promise, friend, grace, wait, faithless, them

<!-- .vabout -->
«faithless» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [faithless in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/faithless.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Faithless means not loyal, breaking a promise or failing to keep a friend true.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:m1:1
# text = Faithless means not loyal, breaking a promise or failing to keep a friend true.
1	Faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	failing	fail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Faithless |  |  |  |  | loyal *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | Faithless *not said here* | a promise |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer promise=Patient |
| 3 | **fail** | gerund | Faithless *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **keep** | to-infinitive | Faithless *not said here* | a friend |  |  |  | true *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh. (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x1:1
# text = Good understanding giveth grace; but the way of the faithless is harsh.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	giveth	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	grace	grace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Good understanding | grace |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grace=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the way |  |  |  |  | harsh *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x1:2
# text = (Writings PRO.13.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.13.15	PRO.13.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She also lieth in wait as a robber, and increaseth the faithless among men. (Writings PRO.23.28, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* She also lieth in wait as a robber, and increaseth the faithless among men.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x2:1
# text = She also lieth in wait as a robber, and increaseth the faithless among men.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lieth	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	increaseth	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obj	_	_
14	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | She |  |  | wait |  | as a robber | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in wait=Location |
| 2 | **increase** | present | She *not said here* | the faithless |  |  |  | among men | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer faithless=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PRO.23.28, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x2:2
# text = (Writings PRO.23.28, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PRO.23.28	PRO.23.28	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I beheld them that were faithless, and strove with them; because they observed not Thy word. (Writings PSA.119.158, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* I beheld them that were faithless, and strove with them; because they observed not Thy word.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x3:1
# text = I beheld them that were faithless, and strove with them; because they observed not Thy word.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	strove	strive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	observed	observe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
17	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | I | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | faithless *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **strive** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **observe** | past | they | Thy word |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 5 | **word** |  | Thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.119.158, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x3:2
# text = (Writings PSA.119.158, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.119.158	PSA.119.158	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The faithless knight broke his oath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x4:1
# text = The faithless knight broke his oath.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the faithless knight | knight's oath |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer oath=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not trust a faithless friend.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x5:1
# text = Do not trust a faithless friend.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	trust	trust	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trust** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a faithless friend |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was faithless to her promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:faithless:x6:1
# text = She was faithless to her promise.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	faithless	faithless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | to her promise; faithless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **promise** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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