---
title: firmament — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «firmament» in the Judaism dictionary: The firmament is the sky, especially the sky full of stars and heavenly things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# firmament

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** firmament, God, you, them, earth, heavens · **What happens:** be, call, set, give, let, declare · **To what, where:** sky, firmament, them, light, glory, handiwork · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«firmament» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [firmament in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/firmament.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firmament is the sky, especially the sky full of stars and heavenly things.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:m1:1
# text = The firmament is the sky, especially the sky full of stars and heavenly things.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	heavenly	heavenly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the firmament | the sky and the sky |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And God called the firmament Heaven. (Torah GEN.1.8, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* And God called the firmament Heaven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x1:1
# text = And God called the firmament Heaven.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | God | the firmament |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent firmament=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Torah GEN.1.8, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x1:2
# text = (Torah GEN.1.8, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.1.8	GEN.1.8	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, (Torah GEN.1.17, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x2:1
# text = And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, (Torah GEN.1.17, JPS 1917)
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	GEN.1.17	GEN.1.17	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:unmarked	_	_
23	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | God | them *= they* |  | the firmament of the heaven |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in firmament=Destination |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | God *not said here* | light |  |  |  | upon the earth | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.' And it was so. (Torah GEN.1.15, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.'

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x3:1
# text = and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.'
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  | the firmament of the heaven |  | for lights | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | to-infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* | light |  |  |  | upon the earth | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* And it was so.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x3:2
# text = And it was so.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | earth |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (Torah GEN.1.15, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x3:3
# text = (Torah GEN.1.15, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	GEN.1.15	GEN.1.15	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork; (Writings PSA.19.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x4:1
# text = The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork; (Writings PSA.19.2, JPS 1917)
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	declare	declare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	showeth	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	handiwork	handiwork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	compound	_	_
18	PSA.19.2	PSA.19.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
21	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | the heavens | the glory of God |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glory=Attribute |
| 2 | **show** | present | the firmament | firmament's handiwork |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent handiwork=Recipient |
| 3 | **glory** |  | God |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His power. (Writings PSA.150.1, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His power.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x5:1
# text = Praise God in His sanctuary; praise Him in the firmament of His power.
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	praise	praise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	Him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | infinitive |  | God |  | the firmament of God's power |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.150.1, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x5:2
# text = (Writings PSA.150.1, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.150.1	PSA.150.1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings. (Prophets EZK.1.25, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x6:1
# text = For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	above	above	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	over	over	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	let	let	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	ccomp	_	_
23	down	down	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a voice above the firmament |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | the firmament |  |  | their heads |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stand** | past | heads *= head* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **let down** | present | heads *= head* | heads's wings |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Prophets EZK.1.25, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x6:2
# text = (Prophets EZK.1.25, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	EZK.1.25	EZK.1.25	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A falling star shone in the dark firmament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x7:1
# text = A falling star shone in the dark firmament.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shine** | participle |  | a falling star *not said here* |  | the dark firmament |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in firmament=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole firmament was ablaze with northern lights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x8:1
# text = The whole firmament was ablaze with northern lights.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	ablaze	ablaze	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the whole firmament |  |  |  |  | with northern lights; ablaze *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars filled the firmament above the hills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x9:1
# text = Stars filled the firmament above the hills.
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Stars | the firmament |  | the hills |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent firmament=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird flew high into the firmament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:firmament:x10:1
# text = The bird flew high into the firmament.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	firmament	firmament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the bird |  |  |  |  | into the firmament *result*; high *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into firmament=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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