---
title: foe — Judaism dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foe» in the Judaism dictionary: A foe is an enemy, someone who wants to harm or beat you. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** foe, evil doers, doers, multitude, chaff, you · **What happens:** be, want, harm, beat, come, eat up · **To what, where:** enemy, you, flesh, instant, friends, spears

<!-- .vabout -->
«foe» in the Judaism dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foe in the Judaism dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/judaism/w/foe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A foe is an enemy, someone who wants to harm or beat you.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:m1:1
# text = A foe is an enemy, someone who wants to harm or beat you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	appos	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a foe | a enemy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **want** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **harm** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **beat** | infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location you=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three foes: the liver and the gall and the tongue. (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Three foes: the liver and the gall and the tongue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x1:1
# text = Three foes: the liver and the gall and the tongue.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	liver	liver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gall	gall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x1:2
# text = (Sefer Yetzirah, Sefaria community translation)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sefer	Sefer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	Yetzirah	Yetzirah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Sefaria	Sefaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	translation	translation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell. (Writings PSA.27.2, JPS 1917)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x2:1
# text = When evil-doers came upon me to eat up my flesh, even mine adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
2	evil	evil	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	doers	doer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	flesh	flesh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	mine	mine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	adversaries	adversary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | evil doers |  |  |  |  | upon me | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon i=Location |
| 2 | **eat up** | to-infinitive | evil doers *not said here* | my flesh and mine adversaries and my foes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient |
| 3 | **stumble** | past | doers *= doer* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **fall** | past | doers *= doer* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (Writings PSA.27.2, JPS 1917)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x2:2
# text = (Writings PSA.27.2, JPS 1917)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	PSA.27.2	PSA.27.2	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
6	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the multitude of thy foes shall be like small dust, and the multitude of the terrible ones as chaff that passeth away; yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly — (Prophets ISA.29.5, JPS 1917)

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x3:1
# text = But the multitude of thy foes shall be like small dust, and the multitude of the terrible ones as chaff that passeth away; yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly — (Prophets ISA.29.5, JPS 1917)
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	chaff	chaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	passeth	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	away	away	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
26	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	33	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
29	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	cop	_	_
31	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	instant	instant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
34	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
35	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
36	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	Prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	appos	_	_
38	ISA.29.5	ISA.29.5	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	JPS	JPS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	_
41	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	37	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | shall | the multitude of thy foes |  |  |  |  | like small dust and the multitude of the terrible ones as chaff and a instant | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass away** | present | chaff |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | shall | multitude |  |  | a instant |  | suddenly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not give up friends for foes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x4:1
# text = Do not give up friends for foes.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give up** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | friends |  |  |  | for foes | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They snatched spears and shields from their foes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:judaism:foe:x5:1
# text = They snatched spears and shields from their foes.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	snatched	snatch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snatch** | past | They | spears and shields |  | shields's foes |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent spear=Theme from foe=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the Judaism dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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